42 CULTURE AND MANAGEMENT 



a little on each side of the longitudinal incision, so 

 as to receive the bud. The prepared bud is 

 placed in the upper part of the incision so made, 

 and drawn downwards ; the upper part is then cut 

 off transversely, and the bud pushed upwards till 

 the bark of the bud and of the stock join together. 

 It is retained in this situation by means of tying 

 with strands of bass, matting, or woollen yarn, ap- 

 plied in such manner as to defend the whole from 

 the air and sun, but leaving the leaf stalk, and the 

 projecting part of the bark, uncovered. In about 

 a month after the operation, the tying is slacken- 

 ed ; buds, that have taken, appear s\velled, and the 

 foot stalk of the old leaf falls off on being slightly 

 touched. All shoots that spring below the budded 

 part are carefully cut off. The head of the stock 

 is not removed till the following March ; after this, 

 the bud grows vigorously, and, in the course of the 

 summer, makes a considerable shoot. Against the 

 next spring, the shoot is headed down in the man- 

 ner of young grafted trees. 



According to the improved mode of Mr. Knight, 

 the operation of budding is thus performed. In 

 the month of June, when the buds are in a proper 

 state, the operation is performed by employing 

 two distinct ligatures to hold the buds in their 

 places ; one ligature is first placed above the bud 

 inserted, and upon the transverse section through 

 the bark ; the other, the only office of which is 

 to secure the bud, is applied in the usual way; as 

 soon as the buds have attached themselves, the 

 lower ligatures are taken off, but the others are 

 suffered to remain. The passage of the sap up- 

 wards, is, in consequence, much obstructed, and the 

 inserted buds begin to vegetate strongly, in July; 

 when these afford shoots about four inches long, 

 the upper ligatures are taken off to permit the ex- 

 cess of sap to pass on ; the wood ripens well, and 

 affords blossoms, sometimes, for the succeeding 



