Chap. I. 



VALUABLE SPECIES. 



15 



been introduced into India, they alone deserve our attention. 

 They are as follows : — 



C. sitcciruhra .. (Pa von) 

 C. Cliahuarguera (Pavoii) 



C. Condii-) C. crispa 

 minea. \ C. Uritiisinc/a 

 'C. lancifolia 

 (7. nit Ida.. 

 C. micrantha 

 C. Peruviana 

 C. Calisaya 



(Tafalla) .. 

 (Pavon) ) 

 (Miitis) 



(Ruiz & Pavou)j 

 (Ruiz & Pavon) ( 

 (Howard) ) 



(Weddell) .. 



yielding Bed hark. 

 „ Croion hark. 



Carthagena harA; 

 Grey hark. 

 Yellow hark. 



These species peld iive different kinds of medicinal barks, 

 which are collected from five different regions in South 

 America ; and in the followmg chapter I propose to give a 

 brief account of each of these regions, of their chinchona-trees, 

 and of the investigations of botanists down to the time 

 when measures were taken to introduce these inestimable 

 plants into Java and India. Such an account will naturally 

 divide itself into five sections : — 



I. — The Loxa region, and its crown harks. 



II. — The red-hark region, on the western slopes of Chimborazo. 

 III. — The New Granada region. 

 IV. — The Huanuco region in Northern Peru, and its grey harks. 



V. — The Calisaya region, in Bolivia and Southern Peru. 



Before entering on tliis subject, however, it will be well to 

 cast a hasty glance at the progress of those investigations 

 which ended in the discovery of the febrifugal principle in 

 Peruvian bark. 



The roots, flowers, and capsules of the chinchona-trees have 

 a bitter taste with tonic properties, but the upper bark is the 

 only part which has any commercial value.® The bark of 

 trees is composed of four layers — the epiderm, the periderm, 

 the ceUular layer, and the liber or fibrous layer, composed of 



* M. Delondre decided that the fruit 

 and flowers, though having a bitter 

 principle, did not contain the alkaloids. 



while the roots contained them, though 

 in smaller proportion than the bark of 

 the trunk and branches. 



