CnAi'. ir. 



NEW-GRANADA REGION. 



27 



Gruayaquil, and from that time it continued to be found in 

 the Eiu'opean markets. It contains a larger proportion of 

 alkaloids than any other kind, amounting to as much as from 

 3 to 4 per cent, of the substance of the bark, and of this 

 a fair share is quinine. Fine samples yield 3*9 per cent., 

 selling at 8s. 9d. per lb. ; and the quill bark from the 

 smaller branches 3*6 per cent.'^ Mr. Howard has recently 

 procured 8*5 per cent, of alkaloids from a specimen of " red 

 bark." A large supply of plants of this species is flourishing 

 in India and Ceylon, and, from the richness of the species, 

 the comparatively low elevation at which it thrives, and 

 its hardy nature, it may be expected to become a cultivated 

 plant of great value and importance. 



In 1857 the export of bark from the port of Guayaquil, the 

 place of shipment for the C. succirubra, amounted to 7006 

 quintals, valued at 23,353?.*^ In 1849-50 Dr. Weddell gives 

 the amount at 1042 quintals. 



III.— THE NEW-GRANADA REGION. 



The importance of the chinchona-trees was fully established 

 in the middle of the last century, and, Don Miguel de Santis- 

 tevan, the director of the mint at Bogota, having addressed 

 a memorial on the bark trade (estanco de cascarilla) to the 

 Viceroy Marquis of Villar in 1753, the attention of the 

 Spanish Government was seriously turned to the subject. 

 When the Viceroy Don Pedro Mesia de la Cerda, Marquis 

 de la Vega de Armijo, went out to Bogota in 1760,^ he was 

 accompanied by the botanist Don Joso Celestino Mutis, a 



7 Howard. 



^ With "red bark" another kmd, 

 known as " West coast Carthagena,' ' is 

 expoiied from ti uayaciuil. The name 

 is absurd, ftlr. Howard behevcs it to 

 be derived from the C. Palton of Pavon, 



wliich is found in the woods of Cuenea, 

 and in the province of Loxa. Samples 

 of this bark yield 2-05 of alkaloids, IM 

 of chinchonidine, and 0'7 of quinine. 

 " Alcedo. 



