52 M. HASSKAEL SUPERSEDED. Chap. III. 



only 300 cliinchona-plants in Java, in a sickly unpromising 

 condition, after the lapse of the first eighteen months. 



In December, 1855, Dr. Franz Junghuhn came to Java 

 with 139 chinchona-plants, raised from seeds in Holland. 

 They were delivered over to M. Hasskarl, and in six months 

 seventy-six of them were dead. In June, 1856, M. Pahud, 

 who had been Minister of the Colonies, and was then Governor- 

 General of Netherlands India, relieved M. Hasskarl of his 

 duties, and gave the entire charge of the chinchona experi- 

 ment to Dr. Junghuhn, an experienced scientific botanist. 

 Dr. J. E. de Vry, a chemist of some eminence, was also 

 sent to Java, charged with the special duty of applying 

 chemical tests to the barks of the chinchona-plants, to ascer- 

 tain their intrinsic value. 



When Dr. Junghuhn took charge the prospects of the 

 experiment were very far from promising, and he has dis- 

 played an amount of intelligent perseverance, combined with 

 much practical knowledge, which is deserving of all praise. 

 He found the 139 chinchona-plants which he himself brought 

 out reduced to sixty -three ; the seeds of O. lancifolia repre- 

 sented by three sickly plants ; the collection of plants of 

 O. Calisaya brought by M. Hasskarl from Peru, also reduced 

 to three ; two plants of C. Calisaya raised from seeds sent 

 home by Dr. Weddell; and the remainder, consisting of the 

 worthless species collected by M. Hasskarl in Uchubamba, 

 making a total of only 300 plants. 



In 1856 a new system was introduced, money was lavislily 

 expended, an efiicient establishment was formed, and a great 

 effort was commenced to secure the successful cultivation of 

 the chinchona-plants. The superintendent receives 1350?. a 

 year, the chemist llOOZ. a year, and under them there are 

 eight Dutch overseers ; the total amount paid in salaries 

 being 3256?. a year.^ It was ordered that, until the cultiva- 



Report of Mr. Fraser, H. M. Consul at Batavia. 



