54 DR. JUNGHUHN'S METHOD Chap. III. 



Dr. Jungliuhn established his new plantations on the 

 slopes of the Malawar mountains, where he has found that 

 the G. Calisaya is much more sensitive than his so-called O. 

 iMcumcefolia ; and that very slight differences in temperature, 

 in elevation, in light, in shade, and in moisture, exercise a 

 very evident influence on the former, while the latter remain 

 quite unaffected by them. He considers that the best con- 

 ditions for the growth of O. Calisaya on the Malawar moun- 

 tains (between latitude 7° and 8" S.) are good loose forest 

 soil and moderate shade, at an elevation from 5000 to 5700 

 feet above the sea. The G. Galisayas, when they receive 

 light only on their crowns, and are surrounded by the dark 

 wood, have a rapidly rising, slender, tall stem, devoid of side 

 branches ; whilst, when they stand on clear open spots, they 

 grow much stronger in width and thickness, but are shorter, 

 and have numerous side branches. 



The following is Dr. Junghuhn's method of cultivation. 

 Pots, made of bamboo-joints, are loosely filled with finely- 

 sifted earth, composed of one-fourth part of black volcanic 

 sand (felspar, hornblende, and magnet iron) mixed with 

 brown forest soil. The pots are then placed in the interior 

 of the forests, on beds of heaped-up earth laid out in the 

 form of terraces, on the declivities of the mountains. A roof 

 of dry grass, supported by stakes, and liigli enough to admit 

 a side light, protects the pots from the falling rain-drops. 

 These seed-beds are from 200 to 500 feet long, and extend 

 in parallel lines between the trees, like the steps of an 

 amphitheatre. Each pot receives only one seed, and the 

 earth is kept constantly moist by watering twice daily with 

 the squeeze of a sponge.* 



The pots remain standing on the seed-beds until the plants 

 are about half a foot high, wliicli takes about eight months ; 

 and during this time they are turned every five or eight days, 



* Dr. Macpherson's Eeport, Dec. 19, 1860. No. 50. 



