Chap. III. 



OF CH INCHON A-CULTIVATION. 



55 



iu order to prevent the crooked gro^vtli of the plants, which 

 always turn to the side where most light falls on the beds. 

 For the purpose of planting out, a few principal broad roads 

 are made along the mountain ridge through the wood, united 

 at intervals by cross footpaths, twenty-five feet asunder. At 

 the side of these footpaths, and twenty-five feet from each 

 other, wide trenches are dug, and filled up with cleansed 

 earth, so as to make slightly raised mounds, with gutters to 

 carry off the rain-water. The young plants are placed in the 

 loose earth on these mounds, and four strong stakes, driven 

 into the ground round them, are fastened together four or 

 five feet above then* heads. This protects them from falling 

 boughs, drip, and wild animals, for some years. Thus 

 thousands of paths have been cut in the forests, and planted 

 with chinchona-trees, which are growing well. There are now 

 nine nurseries in Java — Tjibodas on Mount Gede ; Tjiniruan 

 on the south-west slope, and Tjiborum on the southern slope 

 of Mount Malawar ; Genting ; Eeong Gunung ; Kawah 

 Tjirvidei in the Kendeng mountains ; one on Mount Patna ; 

 and two others. 



Dr. Juughuhn, in adopting the above method of cultivation, 

 and in altering M. Hasskarl's arrangements, has run into an 

 opposite extreme. His system of planting the young chin- 

 chonas in the forests under dense shade ^ is most erroneous ; 

 and the way in which the seeds are treated quite accounts for 

 the small number which germinate. 



On the 31st of December, 1860, the number of chinchona- 

 plants in Java was as follows : — 



f . Calisaya 7,316 plants, and 1030 cuttings. 



C.lancifoUa 80 „ „ 28 



Species procured by M. llasskarl 939,809 „ „ 18 „ 



Tutfil 947,205 plants." 



•^ Dr. Andersoutt Repurt, Dec. 14, 

 IStil, No. 32(); and Dr. Maopherson's 

 Report, Dec. 19, 1860, No. 50, para. 12. 



" Report of Mr. Fraser, late H. M. 

 Consul at Batavia. 



