Chap. VIII. DON FRANCISCO DE TOLEDO. 119 



orders, after a fashion wliicli gave rise to the well-lvnown 

 saying — " se ohedece, pero no se cumple " — " he obeys, but 

 does not fulfil." Their impopularity was so gi-eat that it was 

 considered unsafe to persist in the attempt to enforce them, 

 and they were revoked in 1545. The President Gasca re-dis- 

 tributed the " encomiendas " in 1550, and they were granted 

 for tlu-ee lives in 1629. Gasca, who showed more regard 

 for his own safety and convenience than for the public ser- 

 vice, arranged that his settlement of the encomiendas should 

 not be promulgated until he had sailed for Spain, and he 

 suspended the law proliibiting the forced personal service of 

 the Indians. The latter enactment, however, was boldly pro- 

 mulgated by the Judges of the Eoyal Audience in 1552, and 

 was, as might have been expected, immediately followed by 

 a ferment amongst the conquerors and a formidable rebel- 

 lion. Finally the ?tlarquis of Canete arrived in Peru, as 

 viceroy, in 1554 ; and, by a mixture of severity and prudent 

 conciliation, trod out the last sparks of revolt amongst the 

 Spaniards. 



In 1568 the viceroy Don Francisco de Toledo established 

 the system under which the native population of Peru was 

 professedly ruled for the two succeeding centm-ies. Toledo 

 was a bigot, without pity, and inexorably cruel. Justice 

 or humanity had no weight with him if they stood in the 

 way of any policy which he deemed to be advisable, as 

 was shown in the judicial mm-der of the young Inca Tupac 

 Amaru. But he was a faithful servant of his sovereign, 

 and resolutely determined to enforce the edicts of the 

 Council of the Indies ; a statesman of considerable ability 

 and untii-ing industry. He was so prolific in legislation that, 

 on the subject of coca-cultivation alone, he issued seventy 

 ordinances ; and future viceroys referred to his rules and 

 enactments as to a received and authoritative text-book. The 

 viceroy Marquis of IMontes Glares, in 1615, declared that 



