Chap. XIII. VEGETABLE TRODUCTIOXS. 229 



a brilliant woodpecker. I also saw gi-eat numbers of large 

 swallow-tailed butterflies, purple with light-blue spots on the 

 upper wings ; and others with white upper wings edged with 

 jet black and rows of white spots, the lower wings orange. 



Beyond Paccay-samana there were several more plants of 

 G. Josephiana, rising out of masses of maiden-hair and Poli/- 

 podia. After following the edge of the pajonal for about a 

 mile, we descended by a precipitous zigzag j)atli and crossed 

 over the river Pulluma, at its confluence with the Sandia. 

 Here the road to the Hatun-yunca or Valle Grande branches 

 off up the mountain of Kamas-pata, while our way continued 

 down the ravine. The scenery is here remarkably beautiful. 

 Lofty mountains, with their bright cascades, are clothed to 

 their summits with rich grass, while their gullies are filled 

 with flowering trees and shrubs. Half-way up, in many 

 directions, the stone terraces of coca rise tier above tier, 

 fringed with ferns and begonias, and filled with the delicate 

 coloured green coca-branches, diversified occasionally by the 

 darker hues of the cofiee. The ravine is filled with masses of 

 purple Melastomacese, and the river is fringed with tree-ferns, 

 plantains, and bamboos. 



This purple Melastomacea {Lasiandra fontanedana), called 

 in Quichua panti-panti, in the brilKancy and abundance of its 

 flowers, bears the same relation to this part of the Peruvian 

 Andes as the rhododendron does to the Himalayas. The 

 effect in masses is much the same, but the Lasiandra appears 

 to me to be a more graceful and delicate tree, with a more 

 beautiful flower. In this ravine we have the shi-ub chinchonre 

 on the high grassy slopes, perhaps the finest coffee in the 

 world near the banks of the river, and a little gaKum by the 

 road-side — all cliinchonaceous plants. 



At noon on April 2Gth we rested in the tambo of Ypara, 

 in the centre of coca cultivation, and in the afternoon, 

 crossing the river by a wooden bridge, we had to travel along: 



