254 YANA-MAYU RAVINE. Chap. XV. 



river there were trees of C. micrantlia, with large bunches of 

 lovely and deliciously sweet white flowers; many carhua- 

 carhua hlancas ; and a chinchonaceous tree, which IMartinez 

 called Huihapu. The Huiha'pu grows low down and near 

 the banks of rivers. Its capsules are three inches long; 

 and the veins of the leaves are a pale pm-jjle. Dr. Weddell 

 tells me that he recollects gathering the leaves of the 

 Huihapu, and that he took it to be a variety of Cascarilla 

 magnifolia. 



We commenced the day's work in the forest on the south- 

 west slopes of the Yana-mayu ravine, scrambling up the 

 steep forest-covered declivity amongst palms, tree-ferns, bam- 

 boos, and trees with buttressed trunks of stupendous size. 

 Here too were the vast leaves of the sayal palm. At a 

 height of 400 feet above the river the Calisaya region com- 

 mences ; while in the lower belt, from the river banks to a 

 height of 400 feet, the most abundant chinchonaceous plant 

 is the Carhua-earhua grande ( Cascarilla Carua, Wedd.), with 

 very fragrant white flowers. I met with flowers and cap- 

 sules together on the same tree, which is forty feet high, 

 with a thick trunk, fine spreading branches, and masses of 

 beautiful white flowers. 



I found that the C. Calisaya region extended in a belt from 

 450 to 650 feet above the banks of the river ; bamboos, large 

 palms, C. niicranthas, Huihapus, Lasionemas, and the Casca- 

 rilla carua being found below that line, and other species of 

 chinchonae and chinchonaceous plants above it. We collected 

 twenty-five (7a?/sa?/a-plants, two of them fine strong seedlings, 

 and the remainder root-shoots springing up from trees which 

 had been cut down by cascarilleros in former times, but with 

 good spreading roots of their own. The search was exceed- 

 ingly hard work, scrambling through matted undergrowth, 

 and up steep ascents, through masses of rotting vegetation. 



The afternoon was devoted to an examination of the 



