374 COFFEE-CULTIVATION. Chap. XXII. 



Todars to form two cattle crawls, whence manure is washed 

 do^vu to Ills plantation. The trees are planted in rows, 6 to 

 8 feet apart, and regularly topped and pruned, so as to 

 admit the sun to ripen the fi-uit on every branch. They are 

 from 4 to 6 feet high, and planted in holes 20 inches deep 

 by 18; the young plants being brought from a nursery, 

 where seedlings are raised. The trees are generally in full 

 bearing in the third year. After the berries are picked, and 

 brought in baskets to the godown or warehouse, the pulp or 

 fleshy part has to be removed. The berries are placed in 

 heaps in a loft, above the pulper, looking bright and red like 

 ripe cherries. They are then sent down a shoot, into which 

 a stream of water is conducted, and are thus washed into the 

 pulper. On Mr. Stanes's estate this machine is worked by a 

 water-wheel, but generally it is turned by hand and a fly- 

 wheel. The pulper is a roller covered with a sheet of copper, 

 made rough like a nutmeg-grater. The berries fall on it as 

 it goes round, but there is only room for the seed to pass, so 

 that the pulp is squeezed off, and carried away by a stream 

 thrown off by the water-wheel, while the naked coffee drops 

 on the other side. The seeds are still covered with glutinous 

 matter, to remove which they are well washed in a cistern, 

 the inferior ones floating, while the good ones sink. The 

 coffee-seeds are then laid out on the barbecus, square plat- 

 forms of brick plastered with eJiu7iam, with sides a foot high ; 

 where they dry in the sun for about three days, and are 

 afterwards stored in the godowns. 



It is estimated that an acre of jungle on the Neilgherries 

 may be cleared for 200 Rs., including all expenses. The 

 coffee-seedlings, from the nursery, may be planted out in 

 seven months, and they will yield a first crop in three years. 

 Coffee-seeds are 5 Rs. a bushel, and that quantity will rear 

 10,000 plants, covering 10 acres. One acre ought to yield 

 one ton, when well cultivated, selling at Calicut, uncleaued, 



