Chap. XXIX. PEGU. 517 



lu Pegu there are four gi-eat mountain ranges, running 

 parallel with the sea-coast, which separate tlie valleys of the 

 principal rivers. Commencing from the eastward, the first 

 range is the Arracan-Yomah, dividing Arracan from Pegu, 

 which is not higher than 4000 feet. The Pegu-Yomah, the 

 principal seat of the Pegu teak, wliich separates the valleys 

 of the Irrawaddy and the Sitang, only has a mean elevation 

 of 2000 feet. The third range consists of the Martaban and 

 Tenasserim coast-ranges, and barely attains a height of 5000 

 feet. The fourth and most eastern range, forming the water- 

 shed between the Sitang and Salween rivers, extends into the 

 large and compact mountain mass of Yoonzaleen, to the 

 south-east of Toungoo. The area of this lofty region is a 

 hundi-ed square miles, and several peaks rise to a height of 

 7000 and 8000 feet above the sea. The rains are heavier on 

 these hills than on the adjacent plains, and the temperature 

 is much cooler and more uniform. The formation consists of 

 granite, gneiss, and quartzite. Up to 3000 feet the vegeta- 

 tion is of a tropical character, at which elevation teak disap- 

 pears, and pines (Finus Khasymia) begin, and go up to 5000 

 feet on dry gravelly soil. There are plenty of small mountain 

 streams on these hills, with running water throughout the 

 year ; and the valleys and slopes are covered mtli evergreen 

 forest.^ 



The Yoonzaleen hUls are doubtless the best localities for 

 chinchona-plantations in Pegu, but as yet there are no facili- 

 ties for taking any steps with a view to the introduction of these 

 inestimable trees, which will hereafter be as great a blessing to 

 the fever-haunted jungles of Pegu as to those of India. The 

 Yoonzaleens are forty miles from the town of Toungoo, which 

 is at a distance of fifteen days of river navigation irom Pan- 



' Report by Dr. IJrandis, Supplement to the Cnlcutta Gazette, August 81.st. 

 18G1, No. 55, p. 4(57. 



