array of diatom association metrics (Table 2) . A metric is a 

 characteristic of the biota that changes in some predictable way 

 with increased human influence (Barbour et al . 1999). 



Metric values from Billman Creek were compared to numeric 

 biocriteria or threshold values developed for streams in the 

 Rocky Mountain and Great Plains Ecoregions of Montana (Tables 3 

 and 4) . These criteria are based on metric values measured in 

 least- impaired reference streams (Bahls et al . 1992) and on 

 metric values measured in streams that are known to be impaired 

 by various sources and causes of pollution (Bahls 1993) . Because 

 metrics from both sites indicated impairment (see Table 6) , 

 Protocol II (Bahls 1993) could not be used. 



The criteria in Tables 3 and 4 distinguish among four levels 

 of impairment and three levels of aquatic life use support: no 

 impairment or only minor impairment (full support); moderate 

 impairment (partial support) ; and severe impairment (nonsupport) . 

 These impairment levels correspond to excellent, good, fair, and 

 poor biological integrity, respectively. 



Quality Assurance. Several steps were taken to assure that 



the study results are accurate and reproducible. 



Upon receipt of the samples, station and sample information 

 were recorded in a laboratory notebook and the samples were 

 assigned a unique number compatible with the Montana Diatom 

 Database, e.g., 1992-01. The first part of this number (1992) 

 designates the sampling site (Billman Creek Station 1) ; the 

 second part of this number (01) designates the number of 

 periphyton samples that have been collected at this site to date 

 for which data have been entered into the Montana Diatom 

 Database . 



Sample observations and analyses of soft (non-diatom) algae 

 were recorded in a lab notebook along with station and sample 

 information provided by MDEQ . A portion of the raw sample was 

 used to make duplicate diatom slides. After completing the 

 diatom proportional count, the slide used for the count will be 

 deposited in the University • of Montana Herbarium in Missoula. 

 The other slide will be retained by Hannaea in Helena. 



