66 



PLANT PROPAGATION 



should be anchored with pebbles or clods of earth to 

 prevent whipping about by wind. This is especially 

 important where the ground is hard and dry. Since this 

 method is the only one practiced in propagating black 

 raspberries, it is sometimes called tip layering. In the fol- 

 lowing spring the rooted tips are severed for planting 

 with about six inches of the stems to serve as handles. 

 The buds from which the new 

 canes are to develop must not be 

 set deeper than the surface of the 

 soil. 



97. Compound or serpentine 

 layers (Fig. 55) are made by cov- 

 ering the stems at several points 

 alternating with other points not 

 covered. The method is most 

 frequently used for propagating 

 vines and other long supple 

 stems. Management is the same 

 as for simple layers. 



98. Continuous layers (Fig. 55) 

 are made from plants which root 



FIG. 56-BLACK RASPBERRY rea dily when the whole branch 



White spot near center is the CXCCpt the tip IS buried with 



three or four inches of earth. 



Since the buds on most plants will not develop into shoots 

 if buried, only a few plants are adapted to this form of 

 layering, among them red osier, willow, high bush cran- 

 berry and snowball. 



99. Modified continuous layering, popular in propagat- 

 ing varieties and species of grapes and other vines that 

 do not root readily from cuttings, is practiced as fol- 

 lows : In spring new canes are laid in open trenches 

 two or three inches deep and pegged down. When the 

 buds have developed shoots, the opposite sides of the 

 parent canes are wounded at the nodes and earth is 

 drawn over the canes and the bases of the shoots. After 



