194 



PLANT PROPAGATION 



ered at New England cider mills. Formerly most of the 

 apples used were apparently seedlings, but seed of culti- 

 vated varieties has been finding its way into the commer- 

 cial seed in increasing quantities, due to the dying of 

 seedling trees and the increase of cultivated varieties, 

 the culls of which are used for cider. Seedling growers 

 are of opinion that stronger stock trees can be grown 

 from seedling than from budded or grafted trees. Hence 



Vermont seed is losing its 

 reputation, partly on this 

 account and partly because 

 the seed comes more and 

 more from decrepit trees 

 and cull fruit. At the 

 present writing most Ver- 

 mont seed is used in the 

 Northern and the Western 

 states, while French seed 

 dominates the middle West 

 and the East. 



249. Paradise and Dou- 

 cin stocks for dwarf trees 

 (252) are at present of 

 small importance in Amer- 

 ica, because dwarf trees 

 have here not come into 

 anything like the promi- 

 nence they play in Europe, 

 but the demand for them 

 is increasing, more espe- 

 cially in New England. 



250. Securing apple seed. _ 



In growing apple trees Hansen 

 of South Dakota has found that 

 the seed should be separated 

 from cider pomace before plant- 

 ing, since fermentation acts in- 

 juriously. Clean seed washed 



FIG. 163 STREET TREE SPECIFICA- 

 TIONS 



A, character of top; B, height 

 of lowest branch; C, character of 

 trunk; D, burlap to prevent barking; E, 

 wire netting protector; F, stake to 

 hold tree till established; G, char- 

 acter of roots. 



