STOCK AND CION HANDLING 



2I 3 



watched closely in order to see that the roots of the cions are re- 

 moved before they become large, and that the raffia is cut before 

 it strangles the graft. 7. The English cleft graft (Fig- 172) is 

 preferable to the Champin graft (Fig. 175). because it gives more 

 perfect unions and can be made with more accuracy and rapidity. 

 8, Cions of two eyes are preferable to those of one eye, as they 

 give more chances of success. 9, Rupestris St. George seems to be 

 remarkably adapted to California soils (except the heaviest clays) 

 and conditions, and is to be preferred to any variety yet tested 

 wherever deep penetration of roots is possible and desirable. 10, 

 All the eyes of the Rupestris stock should be cut deeply and care- 

 fully. 11, A vigorous and large-growing Vinifera cion promotes 

 an equally vigorous growth of Rupestris St. George used as stock. 

 274. Bench grafting of grapes experimentally reported by Hed- 

 rick of the New York state station presents 

 the following main features : The grafted 

 grapes were more productive than those 

 on their own roots; they were a few days 

 earlier; the 19 varieties employed were 

 all congenial to the three stocks used. 

 Samples of the stocks used are shown at 

 1, Fig. 157. Two eye cuttings six to 

 eight inches long were taken in the fall 

 and buried in sand till needed in late 

 March, when the work was done. Roots 

 were cut back to an inch for convenience 

 in handling by whip grafting (Fig. 157). 

 Grafts on the previous season's wood gave 

 many suckers; those on the original much 

 fewer. After the operation the grafts were 

 stored for callusing until planting time. All 

 three of the stocks used Clevener, St. 

 George and Gloire are recommended 

 for trial commercially, and three others 

 suggested as promising ; viz., Riparia Grand 

 Glabre, and two hybrids between Vitis 

 riparia and V, rupestris known as 3,306 

 and 3,309. During the growing season, 

 shoots from the stock (Fig. 157) and roots 

 from the cion (Fig. 157) must be re- 

 moved at least twice ; the earlier the better, stock below u 



275. Bench-grafting cuttings i s unhesi- 

 tatingly recommended by Biolitti of 



California for the following reasons : Both stock and 

 cion are young and of the same size; unions are therefore strong 

 and permanent. Grafting may be done under conditions favorable 

 to rapid and effective work, in any weather, during three or four 

 months, on rainy days when other work is not pressing or cannot 



FIG. 176 GRAFTED 

 GRAPE VINE 



Note shoot growing from 

 at label. 



