Flowers and their Parts 141 



(Mesembrianthemum), the stamens and petals are epigynous. 

 These two conditions come late in plant life. In early flower 

 forms the three outer whorls are situated below the ovary. The 

 stamens and perianth are hypogynous, the ovary is superior. 

 All these forms are found in different members of the Rose 

 family. Which kind is found in the Pumpkin ? 



The Duration of the Parts of the Flower. The 

 corolla usually has the briefest life, and in some flowers it 

 lives but a day. If the perianth remains until the fruit is ripe, 

 it is persistent. The strawberry has a persistent calyx. If 

 it falls off after the pollen has reached the stigma, it is 

 deciduous, as in members of the Lily family. If the calyx 

 falls off before the corolla opens, it is caducous. What do 

 farmers mean by Vines " shedding their caps " ? When is this 

 done? 



Different Forms of Calyx and Corolla. In describing 

 the calyx and corolla it is necessary to 

 have names for the different shapes. 

 They get their names from something 

 more familiar to us. Kalkoentjes and 

 patrijsjes are good names for some 

 flowers if one understands Dutch. Some 

 flowers have Zulu names. Wheel - 

 shaped answers for a flower the shape FlG- I33 ._R tate flower 

 of the one in Fig. IT,*. It is also called of Soianum. (From 



e u T j r t. i Thom6 and Bennett's 



rotate, from the Latin word for wheel, " structural and Phy- 

 rota. siological Botany".) 



When petals are distinct from each other, the corolla is said 

 to be polypetalous or choripetalous. While the former 

 term is older and more familiar, on comparing the derivation 

 of the two terms the latter will be found better to express the 

 meaning. In Roella and Tecomaria the corolla consists of a 

 single piece ; it is gamopetalous, monopetalous or sym- 

 petalous. To these terms there are corresponding ones 

 referring to the sepals. The lower sympetalous part of the 

 united corolla is the tube, and the upper spreading part the 

 limb. The upper boundary of the tube is the throat. 



Flowers, especially those with sympetalous corollas, often 



