218 Plants and their Ways in South Africa 



D. Fruit indehiscent ; leaves alternate 



exstipulate. 



Fruit a drupe or berry, shrubs or herbs M YRSINACE^E. 

 Fruit an achene, calyx persistent, 



shrubs or herbs .... PLUMBAGINACE^E. 

 DD. Fruit a many-seeded capsule; leaves 

 alternate or opposite, exstipulate. 



Herbs PRIMULACEJE. 



BB. Stamens obdiplostemonous, the outer 

 whorl opposite to petals (or sometimes 

 wanting), hypogynous or slightly epi- 

 petalous. (Cohort Encales.) 

 Shrubs or trees with needle shaped usu- 

 ally grooved leaves. Stamens usually 

 dehiscing by terminal pores . . . ERICACE^. 

 AA. Flowers tetracyclic, usually of four whorls 

 and anisocarpic, i.e. carpels fewer than 

 parts of the other cycles ; stamens alter- 

 nating with and equal to the petals or 

 rarely fewer when zygomorphic, epipetal- 

 ous or hypogynous. Carpels usually two, 

 in Convolvulacece, rarely three to five. 

 B. Perianth hypogynous. 



C. Flowers mostly actinomorphic (regu- 

 lar), inflorescence mostly cymose. 

 (Cohort Contortae.) 



D. Leaves entire mostly opposite, car- 

 pels apocarpous or syncarpous. 

 E. Stamens equalling the petals; in- 

 ternal phloem frequent. 

 F. Latex present ; leaves exstipu- 

 late, rarely stipulate ; stamens 

 applied to the stigma. 

 Pollen powdery ; styles united ; 



fruit a capsule, drupe or berry APOCYNACE;E. 

 Pollen sticky in masses (pol- 



linia) ; fruit a follicle . . ASCLEPIADACE^;. 

 FF. Latex absent, leaves opposite. 

 G. Placentation axile ; leaves 



stipulate. 

 Dioecious ; shrubs ; leaves with 



axillary spines . . . SALVADORACE^. 

 Perfect ; herbs shrubs or trees LOGANIACE^. 

 GG. Placentation parietal (rarely 



axile) ; leaves exstipulate. 

 Herbs or half shrubs, fruit 

 many seeded . . . GHNTIANACE^. 



