37o Plants and their Ways in South Africa 



Heads small, the rays usually broad and heart-shaped, bearing 

 fruit. Disc flowers bearing stamens. Involucre double, the 

 outer of separate scales ; the inner scales cohere to form a cup. 

 The achenes are without pappus. 



Much-branched rigid shrubs, silky or silvery. The flower heads 

 become very woolly with age. These hairs are not pappus. 



Athanasia. Heads many-flowered, without rays. In- 

 volucre of dry, overlapping scales. Receptacle-bearing paleae 

 between the flowers. Achenes sharply five-angled or winged. 

 Pappus of short, flat, unequal scales, or of short, woollen, jointed 

 hairs or none. 



Small shrubs or under-shrubs. Leaves entire, toothed or pinnate- 

 parted. Heads yellow, mostly in corymbs. Common. In flower nearly 

 throughout the year. 



A A A. Anthers tailed. Pappus plume-like. Involucre 

 shining, not withering. 



Elytropappus, Heads a-8-flowered. Involucre horny. 



FIG. 351. ffelipferumcatuscens,D.C. I. Flower. II. Diagram of disc- 

 flower. (From Edmonds and Marloth's "Elementary Botany for South 

 Africa".) 



Much-branched shrubs with heath-like, spirally twisted 

 leaves. 



