Contents xiii 



by oyster culture Introduction of Mya into California 

 and Washington Its rapid development Native clams 

 of the Pacific coast 298 



CHAPTER XXI 

 THE HARD CLAM 



Names Methods of capture Marketing Decreases in num- 

 ber Development First experiments on growth Creep- 

 ing Effect of sea-weed over beds No growth in New 

 England during the winter Value of a strong current 

 Wide variation in salinity possible Few natural enemies 

 Demand for the " little neck " Culture methods not 

 encouraged Monopoly and destruction of the industry by 

 shore towns in New England Need of legislation Ob- 

 taining seed Planting on Long Island Possibilities in 

 hard clam culture 321 



CHAPTER XXII 

 THE SCALLOPS 



Only the adductor muscle used for food Freshening or bloat- 

 ing by marketmen Names Two Atlantic species used 

 for food Distribution Eyes Swimming habits The 

 warm water scallop apparently does not migrate Method 

 of capture Decrease in number Development Swim- 

 ming by the foot Spinning the byssus Bearing of byssus 

 attachment on distribution The creeping stage in bi- 

 valves Rate of growth depends on food-bearing currents 

 Growth ceases in winter Actual rate of growth 

 Normal length of life Its economic bearing Biological 

 problem involved How to determine whether a scallop 

 has spawned Economic waste in not dredging in- 

 dividuals that have spawned Legislation needed 

 Enemies Results of scallop culture doubtful Waste of 

 food in America Failure to utilize marine food mol- 

 lusks and fishes The inhabitants of the sea not all be- 

 yond human control 333 



INDEX 353 



