FAGACEAE. 11 



1. ALNUS [Tourn.] L. Shrubs or trees, the bark astringent. Stami- 

 nate flowers with 3-6 stamens, the anther-sacs connected. Bracts of the pis- 

 tillate aments not lobed, woody and spreading at maturity. ALDER. 



1. A. rugosa (Du Eoi) Spreng. Shrub or tree, becoming 13 m. tall: leaf- 

 blades thickish, obovate or oval, 4-10 cm. long: mature pistillate aments 1.5-2 

 cm. long, the bracts 3-lobed: nuts 1.5 mm. long, sharp-margined. SMOOTH- 

 ALDER. 



Banks of streams, n. Fla. (Cont.) Spr. 



FAMILY 3. FAGACEAE. OAK FAMILY. 



Shrubs or trees, the wood coarse-grained. Leaves sometimes per- 

 sistent: blades simple, entire, toothed, or lobed. Staminate aments elon- 

 gate or globular, the calyx of 4r-7 partially united sepals. Pistillate 

 flowers solitary or several together, each subtended by a bristly involucre, 

 the sepals thick. Fruit a bur-like, cup-like, or saucer-like involucre 

 enclosing or subtending 1 or more nuts. 



Staminate aments erect or ascending : nuts 1-3, included in a very spiny involucre. 



1. CASTANEA. 



Staminate aments drooping : nut seated in an involucre of Imbricated 

 scales. 2. QUERCUS. 



1. CASTANEA [Tourn.] Hill. Shrubs or trees, with porous wood. 

 Leaf-blades toothed, the teeth slender-tipped. Staminate aments elongate, 

 spreading: calyx 6-lobed: stamens 10-20, the filaments greatly elongate. 

 Pistillate flowers several: calyx 6-lobed. Staminodia present. Ovary imper- 

 fectly 6-celled. Stigmas 6, slender. Mature involucre with rigid often 

 branching spines, including the nuts. Nuts 2 or 3, or sometimes solitary. 

 Spr. CHESTNUT. 



Shrub or small tree without rootstocks. 1. C. pumila. 



Shrub with elongate rootstocks, the branches arising from the root- 

 stock. 2. C. nana. 



1. C. pumila (L.) Mill. Shrub, or tree becoming 16 m. tall, the bark smooth: 

 leaf-blades oblong to obovate, 7-14 mm. long, acute or rounded at the apex, 

 white-tomentose beneath, the lateral ribs in 14-20 pairs: neck of the hypan- 

 thium shorter than the body: ripe involucre 3-4 mm. in diameter: nuts usually 

 solitary, 1-1.5 cm. long. CHINQUAPIN. 



Sandy ridges and swamp-margins, n. Fla. 



2. C. nana Muhl. Shrub with underground stems and erect branches 2-5 dm. 

 tall: leaf -blades oblong to oblong-obovate, 5-15 cm. long, obtuse or apiculate 

 at the apex with tawny or dirty-white tomentum beneath, the lateral ribs in 

 12-14 pairs: ripe involucres 1-2 cm. in diameter: nut solitary, 1.5-2 cm. long. 

 CHINQUAPIN. 



Sand-hills and pinelands, n. Fla. 



2. QUERCUS [Tourn.] L. Shrubs or trees, with coarse-grained wood. 

 Leaf -blades entire, toothed, or lobed. Staminate aments drooping: calyx 

 4-7-lobed: stamens 6-12, the filaments relatively short. Pistillate flowers 

 solitary or several: ovary usually 3-celled: stigmas 3, dilated. Mature invo- 

 lucre (cup) saucer-like or deeper, subtending the nut, or rarely enclosing it. 

 Spr. or winter southward. OAK. 



Fruit maturing the first year : nut glabrous within : leaf-blades not bristle-tipped. 

 Leaves deciduous : blades lobed or toothed. I. ALBAE. 



Leaves persistent : blades entire, except on shoots. II. VIRGINIAXAE. 



