OPUNTIACEAE. 81 



FAMILY 2. TURNERACEAE. TTJRNERA FAMILY. 



Herbs or shrubs. Leaves alternate: blades entire, toothed, or pin- 

 natifid, pinnately veined. Flowers mostly perfect. Calyx of 5 imbricate 

 sepals. Corolla of 5 convolute delicate petals. Androecium of 5 distinct 

 stamens. Gynoecium of 3 united carpels. Ovary 1-celled, with 3 parietal 

 placentae opposite the styles. Fruit a 3-valved capsule. 



1. TUBNEBA L. Shrubs or shrubby plants. Flowers usually solitary and 

 axillary. Corolla yellow. Stigmas 3, brush-like. 



1. T. ulmifolia L. Shrub 2 m. tall or less, with appressed-pubescent branehlets : 

 leaf -blades ovate, varying to oblong, elliptic or spatulate, mostly 3-9 cm. long, 

 serrate or erenate-serrate, 2-glandular at the base, short-petioled : calyx 14-17 

 mm. long; lobes lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, acuminate: petioles yellow, 

 2.5-3 cm. long: capsules globular to ovoid, 8-10 mm. long. 



Hammocks and waste places, Key West. Nat. of Trop. Am. (Cont., W. I.) 



Order OPUNTIALES. 



Succulent, typically spine-armed, herbs, shrubs, or trees, mainly 

 leafless or essentially so, or leafy rigid herbs, with more or less specialized 

 hairs. Flowers perfect. Hypanthium present. Calyx of 4 or 5, or many, 

 sepals. Corolla of 4 or 5, or many, petals. Androecium of usually many 

 stamens, in several series or groups, sometimes partially reduced to 

 staminodia. Gynoecium of 4, or 2-several, united carpels. Ovary inferior. 

 Fruit baccate or capsular. 



FAMILY 1. OPUNTIACEAE. CACTUS FAMILY. 



Succulent plants, typically spine-armed, and often with cushions of 

 bristles or hairs at the base of the spines. Leaves mostly wanting, obso- 

 lete, or rudimentary. 



Plants little, if at all, jointed : leaves none or obsolete : areolae without bristles. 

 Plants prostrate, reclining or climbing. 



Plants reclining, without aerial roots : fruits spiny. 1. ACANTHOCBREUS. 



Plants climbing, with aerial roots : fruits scaly. 2. HYLOCEHEUS. 



Plants erect, the stem and branches columnar, grooved. 

 Style exserted : berry smooth : flowers short-campanu- 



late : perianth green-purple. 3. CEPHALOCEKEUS. 



Style included : berry scaly : flowers long-campanulate : 



perianth white. 4. HARBISIA. 



Plants conspicuously jointed : leaves present on the young 



joints : areolae with barbed bristles. 5. OPUNTIA. 



1. ACANTHOCEBEUS Britt. & Rose. Plants with erect or reclining 

 stems and branches, the 3-6 angles low, the areolae remote, with several spines 

 and short wool. Hypanthium elongate, with spine-bearing areolae. Corolla 

 large, white, the petals, like the sepals, long and narrow. Fruit spiny. 



1. A. pentagonus (L.) Britt. & Rose. Stems and branches sometimes 8 m. 

 long, the joints various, a 3-angled one often arising from a 5-angled one, 

 deep-green: spines 5-8, the radial bristle-like or subulate, brittle, the central 

 one 1-2 cm. long: corolla white, 9-12 cm. broad: fruits oval, 6-9 cm. long, 

 deep-red, spiny. [Cereus baxaniensis Karw.] 



Hammocks and sand-dunes, s. pen. Fla. and the F. Keys. (W. I.) 



Shrubs of Florida 6. 



