INSECTS 47 



the same as for Aphis, but often requires several fumigations to expedite 

 and accomplish the purpose. 



When plants grown out-of-doors become infested it will necessitate 

 using either some form of Tobacco extract applied with a spray pump 1 

 to 2 teaspoonsful to a gallon of water or Hammond's Thrip Juice No. 2, 

 at the rate of 1 part to 40 parts of water used in the same manner. 



Leaf Tyer. (Phlycaenia ferrugalis). From Fig. 21 it will be seen 

 there are three stages or forms of life during its existence. The first is 

 the larvae or worm, which is light green and feeds usually upon the under- 

 side of the leaves, leaving the epidermis or skin like upper surface. Its 

 habit of drawing two large leaves together or rolling the edge under by 

 means of a fine silky web is whence it derives its common name leaf tyer. 

 'As the worm attains full size, about % inch long, it seeks a secluded 

 place where it changes to the second stage or chrysolis form and is about 

 %-mch long with a brown covering. ITT a few days this chrysolis breaks 



FIG. 23. LEAF TYER, SHOWING THE LARVAE. 

 CHRYSOLIS AND MOTH STAGES. 



its covering and in this transformation is provided with wings, then being 

 1:1 the third or mature moth state. With these wings it is enabled to go 

 to other plants or houses and deposit eggs which soon become larvae. 

 Such remedies as paris green, arsenate of lead are effective if it were, 

 possible to apply to the underside of the leaves, but we fife such applica- 

 tions are not sufficiently vigorous in their action to keep them^rn check. 

 Tobacco and cyanide fumes have no effect. 



When stock plants are badly, infested we find it advantageous to re- 

 move every green or growing shoot* and leaf before replanting then for 

 propagating purposes. ^ 



Should such a course fail to eliminate the trouble, dip the young 

 plants before planting into a strong solution of arsenate of lead (the dry 

 form is best), say 1 oz. to a gallon of water, and thus poison the larvae. 



Another method is to plant sufficient stock for propagation out of doors 

 find allow it to remain until after heavy frosts (October 15th) before lift- 

 ing and housing thus assuring clean stock plants provided all infested 

 plants are destroyed. 



Mealy Bug As commonly known it is a white, mealy, downy looking 

 insect. Generally it does not infest chrysanthemums to any extent, but 

 we have seen cases where they were more or less troublesome. If not very 

 numerous they may be hand-picked. When this is impractical, alcohol 



