58 



growers is said to have a direct effect on the Aphides. 

 The soft-soap, of course, has some corrosive power, for 

 it contains caustic soda (about 4 per cent.) 



This soft-soap and quassia wash is made as follows : 

 Dissolve the soap in boiling soft water ; boil the quassia 

 chips or let them simmer for about 12 hours, adding 

 water enough to keep them covered every now and then, 

 strain off the liquid extract and pour into the dissolved 

 soft-soap and well stir, and lastly add the full quantity of 

 water of dilution. This is all that is required to kill 

 Aphis. But we must remember two things, first that the 

 living young inside the females are not hit by the wash, 

 and that the wash does not kill the females at once. So 

 many young will escape before the parents die, and even 

 have been seen protruding forth after their death. 



To clear the Roses, then, we must spray twice in 

 succession on two consecutive days. 



Paraffin emulsion of various strengths and forms 

 have been recommended. They are usually harmful to 

 the bushes, and the corrosive paraffin is not necessary 

 for the purpose. Growers should be cautioned against 

 its use. It is frequently found advisable to wash the 

 bushes with plain soft water two days after spraying, 

 partly with the object of removing any soft-soap from 

 the leaves, and partly to knock off the dead Aphis. 



Scale Insects (Coccida). 



So far a single species of Scale Insect has been 

 reported to me as doing harm to Roses in this country, 

 namely, the Scurvy Rose Scale (Diaspis roses). On two 

 occasions I have found Lecanium persiccz, the Brown 

 Scale on cultivated Roses and Newstead records two 

 others, Lecanium caprece and Pulvinari vitis var ribesia. 



