78 



BITING AND SUCKING MOUTHED INSECTS. 



Hexapods have two main types of mouth, namely, 

 the biting mouth and the sucking mouth. The former 

 are called " Mandibulate," the latter " Haustellate." 

 The biting-mouthed insects, such as the beetle, have 

 hard, horny, biting jaws, and gnaw their food. The 

 sucking-mouthed insects have sharp piercing mouths, 

 such as aphides and bugs, or non-piercing but sucking 

 mouths, such as the house fly. The first live on the sap 

 of plants and the blood of animals and man. The 

 second the external juices of plants and animals. The 

 mandibulate insects we can kill by covering the foliage 

 with poison ; this would not affect the Haustellate 

 insects. The latter we have to kill by either blocking 

 up their breathing pores, or by corroding their skin. 

 Frequently, they are too powerful for either process to 

 affect them. Then we must fall back on methods of 

 trapping them. The leaf and blossom caterpillars are 

 instances of biting-mouthed insects attacking the Rose. 

 The Aphides and Scale Insects and Leaf-hoppers are 

 instances of piercing-mouthed Rose pests. 



ORDERS OF INSECTS. 



Insects are divided into groups, called Orders. Each 

 order is further divided into sub-orders, and families, and 

 each family is composed of one or more smaller groups 

 called genera, each genus being composed of one or 

 more species. For practical purposes we may divide the 

 Hexapoda into the following Orders :- 



A. Metamorphosis Complete. 



Order I. COLEOPTERA (Shield- Winged Insects). These 

 are beetles. They have two pairs of wings. The 



