THE ENGLISH FLOWER GARDEN. 



CARPINUS. 



479 



The Toothworts (syn. Dentaria), now 

 included in this genus, are interesting 

 spring-flowering plants. They grow best 

 in a sandy or peaty soils. Their flowers 

 are welcome in early spring, and remain 



Carpenteria californica in a Sussex garden. 



some time in beauty, and they are 

 easily increased from the small tuber-like 

 roots. Some, like C. bulbifera (Coral 

 Root), bear bulblets on the stem, and from 

 these the plant may be increased. C. digi- 

 tata, a handsome dwarf kind, about 12 in. 

 high, flowers in April ; rich purple, in flat 

 racemes at the top of the stem. C. 

 maxima is the largest of the species, 

 being 2 ft. high, with many pale-purple 

 flowers, a native of N. America. C. pin- 

 nata is a stout kind, pinnate leaves ; from 

 14 to 20 in. high, flowering from April 

 to June, with large pale-purple, lilac, or 

 white, in a cluster. 



CAREX (Sedge). Grass-like herbs of 

 northern and temperate countries, few 

 having a place in the garden. 



C. paniculata is a very large Sedge, 

 like a dwarf Tree Fern, with strong thick 

 stems and masses of drooping leaves, 

 forming dense tufts, i to 3 ft. high, flowers 

 in a large and spreading panicle. It is 

 very effective in wet places. The finer 

 specimens are of great age, and are found 

 in the bogs where the plant is wild. 



C. pendula. A graceful British sedge, 

 with evergreen foliage, numerous flower- 

 ing stems 3 to 6 ft. high, the leaves 2 ft. 

 or more in length. When in flower 

 the graceful spikes, from 4 to 7 in. long, 

 are pretty, and the plant is useful for 

 shady or moist spots. Common in Britain 

 in evergreen patches in marshy woods. 



C. fraseri and C. scaposa are pretty 

 evergreen sedges for shady spots. 



CARPENTERIA CALIFORNICA. 

 A lovely hardy shrub for walls in south- 

 ern districts, 6 to 10 ft. high, with long 

 narrow pale-green leaves, and clusters of 

 large white fragrant flowers. The first 

 account of it in England was from Mr. 

 Saul, of Washington, who sent specimens 

 of it to The Garden in 1880. It is 

 nearly related to the Mock Oranges, 

 which it resembles, but is handsomer : 

 thrives in light warm soil, and increased 

 from suckers, cuttings, or seeds. In cool 

 districts will require the protection of a 

 greenhouse. 



CARPINUS (Hornbeam}. C. betulus 

 is a native tree, especially of the south, 

 sometimes attaining a height of 70 feet, 

 frequent in some woodlands, and in Epping 



Hornbeam. ' 



Forest. There are several varieties of 

 this tree, such as the fern-leaved, cut-leaved 

 and purple kinds, and also the never- 

 failing variegated kind. The common 

 kind is often used as a fence plant, and 

 also, in many continental gardens, to form 

 green walls and hedges. It is one of the 

 best of all woods to burn, and if we ever 

 go back to the best of all ways of firing 

 for a dwelling-house in the country, a 

 wood fire, it should not be forgotten. It 

 is easily lighted, burns cheerfully and 

 equably, and gives a good heat. Other 

 species are C. caroliniana, cordata, 

 japonica, orientalis and Turczaninovii. 



