THE ENGLISH FLOWER GARDEN. CYPRIPEDIUM. 525 



red-purple to rose, lilac, and white, with 

 intensely dark mouth. 



C. vernum (Spiing Cyclamen}. The 

 leaves rise before the flowers in spring ; 

 they are generally more or less white 

 on the upper surface, and are often 

 purplish beneath. Though one of the 

 most interesting species, and perfectly 

 hardy, it is seldom cultivated successfully 

 in the open border or rock-garden ; it is 

 impatient of excessive wet about the 

 tubers, and likes a light soil, in a rather 

 shady nook sheltered from winds, its 

 fleshy leaves being soon injured. The 

 tubers should be planted deep, say not 

 less than 2 to i\ in. below the surface. 



Cyclobothra." See CALOCHORTUS. 



Cydonia. See PYRUS. 



CYNARA (French Artichoke). This 

 plant, C. Scolymus, much grown for cook- 

 ing, has as a foliage-plant much beauty ; 

 its long silvery deeply divided leaves, 

 height (4 to 5 ft.), purplish flower-heads, 

 and habit render it very suitable for the 

 rougher parts of pleasure grounds, grass, 

 &c.,which are often occupied by fine plants 

 far less handsome. 



CYPERUS (Galingale}.^ water plant 

 of fine form from 2 to 3 ft. high, C. longusis 

 crowned by a handsome, loose, umbellate 

 panicle of chestnut-coloured flower-spikes, 

 at the base of which there are three or 

 more leaves, often i or 2 ft. long, the lower 

 ones of a bright shining green arching 

 gracefully. The root-stock is thick and 

 aromatic, and was formerly much used as a 

 tonic. A rare native plant, suitable for 

 the margin of water. 



CYPRIPEDIUM (Lady's Slipper). 

 Handsome Orchids, embracing several 

 beautiful perfectly hardy species, of which 

 the Mocassin-flower (C. spectabile) is the 

 finest cultivated hardy kind. The follow- 

 ing are a few of the cultivated kinds. 



C. acaule (Stemless Lady's Slipper}. 

 A dwarf species with a naked downy 

 flower-stalk, 8 to 12 in. high, bearing a 

 green bract at the top, flowers early in 

 summer, large, solitary purplish with a 

 rosy-purple (rarely white) lip, nearly 2 in. 

 long, which has a singular closed fissure 

 down its whole length in front. Northern 

 States of North America in woods and 

 bogs. Thriving in moist peaty or sandy 

 soil or leaf-mould. 



C. Calceolus (English Lady's Slipper). 

 The only British species and the largest 

 flowered of our native Orchids, i to i ft. 

 high, flowers in summer, solitary (some- 

 times two) large flowers of a dark-brown 

 colour, with an inflated clear yellow lip 

 netted with darker veins, and about I in. 

 in length. North Europe, and occasion- 



ally in the northern counties of England, 

 where, however, it is now almost exter- 

 minated. Very ornamental for the rock- 

 garden, where it should be planted in 

 sunny sheltered nooks of calcareous soil, 

 or in narrow fissures of limestone rock, in 

 well-drained, rich, fibrous loam, in an east 

 aspect. 



C. guttatum (Spotted Lady's Slipper), 

 A handsome kind, seldom seen in gar- 

 dens, 6 to 9 in. high, flowers in summer 

 solitary, rather small, beautiful, white, 

 heavily blotched, or spotted with deep rosy 

 purple. Found in Canada, N. Europe (near 

 Moscow), and N. Asia, in dense forests 

 amongst the roots of trees in moist, 

 black vegetable mould. Requires a half- 

 shady position in leaf-mould, moss, and 

 sand, and should be kept rather dry in 

 winter. 



C. japonicum (Japanese Lady's Slip- 

 per). About i ft. high, and its hairy 

 stems, which are as thick as one's little 

 finger, bear two plicate fan-shaped leaves 

 of bright .green, rather jagged round the 

 margins. The flowers are solitary, the 

 sepals being of an apple-green tint ; the 

 petals, too, are of the same colour, but are 

 dotted with purplish crimson at the base ; 

 the lip large, and curiously folded in front, 

 as in the better-known C. acaule, to which 

 it seems most nearly allied ; the colour of 

 the lip is a soft creamy yellow, with bold 

 purple dots and lines. 



C. macranthum (Large Lady's Slip- 

 per). This bears a considerable resem- 

 blance to C. nentricosum, but has lighter- 

 coloured flowers, large, of a uniform 

 purplish rose with deeper-coloured veins ; 

 early in June. Lip globose, inflated, 

 and finely marked with deep purple 

 reticulations. This handsome and at 

 present rare plant grows best in pure 

 loam of a heavy nature. Siberia. 



C. pubescens. A dwarf species with a 

 pubescent stem, seldom more than 2 ft. 

 high, flowers early in summer, on each 

 stem one to three flowers ; scentless, 

 greenish yellow, spotted with brown, with 

 a pale-yellow lip from \\ to 2 in. long, 

 and flattened at the sides. America, found 

 in bogs and low woods, from Pennsyl- 

 vania to Carolina. Does well on dry 

 sunny banks, among loam, stones, and 

 grit. 



C. spectabile (Mocassin-flower). The 

 most beautiful of this group ; 15 in. to 2^ 

 ft. high, flowers in summer, one or two 

 on each stem (rarely three), large, with 

 inflated, rounded lip, about i in. long, 

 white, with a large blotch of bright rosy 

 carmine in front. A variety (C. s. album) 

 has the lip entirely white. In America 



