RUBUS. 



THE ENGLISH FLOWER GARDEN. 



827 



of rich purple flowers. It may be used 

 in the rougher parts of the rock-garden, 

 or in the wild garden, and is very hardy. 

 Like the garden Raspberry, it sends up 

 strong annual shoots, which in rich soils 

 reach 6 ft., bearing scented leaves, the 

 leaves and not the flowers being fragrant. 

 There is no finer shrub for planting under 

 the shade of large trees where the soil is 

 not too full of roots. 



R. nutkanus. This is found from 

 North California to Nootka Sound, and 

 is rather taller in growth than R. odoratus, 



Rubus nutkanus (the Nootka Sound Raspberry). 



the flowers pure white. They are partial 

 to a moist soil, as near the margins of 

 a pond or stream. They are among the 

 best shrubs for the wild garden, where 

 in a short time they spread into large 

 masses if in good soil and partial shade. 

 The Salmon Berry (R. spectabilis), from 

 North-west America, has flowers of a 

 bright red and very early. It is best in 

 the rougher parts of the rock-garden or 

 for the wild garden, and grows well under 

 trees if the shade is not too dense. 



E. biflorus, or R. leucodermis ( White- 

 washed Bramble], from the Himalayas, 

 has tall wand-like stems often 10 ft. or 

 more in height, whitened with a mealy 

 substance on the bark. Its white flowers 

 are not showy, and are succeeded by 

 edible, Raspberry-like fruits. R. australis, 

 from New Zealand, is without true 

 leaves, and prickly. In warm situations 

 on walls it grows several feet high, but 

 it is not fully hardy. The beautiful R. 

 roscefolius (Rose-leaved Bramble), from 

 the Himalayan region, is scarcely hardy 

 enough for the open air except in favoured 

 spots or against sunny walls. Its double 

 variety (coronariits) has loose clusters 

 of large white flowers, which are very 

 double ; it is often grown as a green- 

 house shrub. Among the best native 

 Brambles are the beautiful double varie- 

 ties of R. fructicosus, which flower late 

 in summer. There are the double pink 



and the double white kinds, both known 

 under various names ; but the names 

 of double pink and double white are 

 sufficient. As they are forms of distinct 

 species or varieties, they differ in habit, 

 the double pink being much the stronger 

 and more free flowering. When well 

 placed the double pink makes a wide- 

 spreading mass like the common Bramble, 

 and gives from the middle of August till 

 autumn an abundance of bloom, every 

 flower being a rosette of delicate pink 

 petals. The double white is a form of 

 R. tornentosus, and its flowers are larger 

 than those of the double pink, but less 

 double. The double white and the double 

 pink should be planted near each other, 

 and will clothe banks or associate with 

 bold rocks. Another fine Bramble is the 



Rubus laciniatus. 



Cut-leaved, or Parsley-leaved Bramble, 

 which has a profusion of white blooms, 

 succeeded by large delicious fruits. The 

 Japanese Wineberry {R. phoenicolasius} 

 is a strong-growing Bramble, the stems 

 of which are covered with reddish hairs, 

 and the leaves silvery white on the under 

 side. A group planted beside water is 

 very fine in windy weather, when the 

 under-surface is freely exposed. The 

 pink and white flowers are followed by 

 soft red fruits, like a little Raspberry. R. 

 sorbifolius is also pretty, with stout erect 

 stems of about 18 in. bearing elegant cut 

 leaves and large white flowers, followed 

 by conical fruits of fine appearance but 

 of poor flavour. Like some other Bram- 

 bles, this grows well in partial shade. Some 

 of the so-called American Blackberries, 

 such as the Lawton and Kittaninny, do 

 not succeed in our country. Almost all 

 kinds should have their stems cut away 

 after flowering, leaving only the new 

 shoots of the season. 



A few of the small kinds, such as R. 

 arcticus (which grows a few inches high 



