THE ENGLISH FLOWER GARDEN. 



have their own way than to resort to staking. 

 Division or seed. Seeds should be sown as 

 soon as ripe, in a pan or box. in light loam, 

 leaf-mould, and sand. Place in a pit or a 

 frame, and keep the soil moist, but not wet, 

 until the plants appear. The careful division 

 of the old roots is, however, an easier means of 

 increase and the best way to propagate. 



T. tuberosum. A distinct and beautiful 

 tuberous-rooted climber from Peru, with 

 slender stems 10 to 12 ft. high, and a pro- 

 fusion of showy scarlet and yellow flowers on 

 slender stalks. Unfortunately it flowers so 

 late as to be often spoiled by frost, but in 

 sheltered places and a mild autumn will bloom 

 into November. It should be grown in open 

 spots in the poorest of soils, with its branches 

 supported or allowed to trail along the ground. 

 As it is not hardy in all soils, lift the tubers in 

 autumn, and store in a dry place till spring. 



TSUG-A (Hemlock Spruce). A dis- 

 tinct and graceful group of evergreen 

 cone-bearing trees, remarkable for their 

 fine form of leaf and graceful toss of 

 branchlet, and also, in their own country 

 at least, for picturesque and stately form. 



The one best known in Britain, so far, 

 is the Canadian Hemlock Spruce, a tree 

 of proved hardiness in our country, 

 but rarely showing the dignity of form it 



Hemlock Spruce. 



does in its own, probably from the use of 

 cutting plants. No tree of the pine race 

 should be planted in any form but that of 

 healthy seedlings. The splendid forms 

 of these trees so promising for our 

 country, coming as they do from moist 

 cool regions, will be best secured from 

 healthy seedling trees, never large ones. 



The Japanese and Indian species of 

 this family, T. Sieboldi, Brunoniana, and 

 diversifolia are not proved to be of such 

 distinct value as the American kinds. 

 Syn., Abies. 



T. CANADENSIS (Hemlock Spruce}. A 

 forest tree sometimes over 100 ft. high with a 

 diameter of 4 ft. in the trunk, inhabiting very 

 cold northern regions from Nova Scotia to 

 Minnesota and southwards along the moun- 

 tains. This tree has been much planted in 

 England, but it has not so far seemed to attain 

 the stature and form that it shows in Canada. 

 Its rather numerous varieties are of slight value. 

 In my own planting of the Hemlock Spruce 

 near water, while the growth is free, constant 

 and unharmed by any winter, I am vexed to 

 see every tree breaking from the bottom into half 

 a dozen or more stems, splitting up the energies 

 of the tree. I saw a very pretty hedge of the 

 Hemlock near Philadelphia : it would prove, 

 I think, a good evergreen hedge plant where 

 the dangerous poison of our own Yew makes 

 its use impossible in any place to which horses 

 or cattle have access. 



T. CAROLINIANA (Caroline Hemlock). A 

 forest tree attaining a height of 70 to 80 ft. , 

 4 ft. in diameter, graceful and beautiful in a 

 mature state. As yet it is little planted in our 

 country, and in my experience not hardy. 

 Alleghany Mountains. Syn., Abies Caro- 

 liniana. 



T. MERTENSIANA ( Western Hemlock Spruce}. 

 A noble tree of fine and picturesque habit, 

 allied to the Eastern Hemlock but larger 

 sometimes 200 ft. high, with a trunk diameter 

 of 10 to 12 ft. Coming from such fog-moist- 

 ened regions as Puget Sound, British Columbia, 

 and the coast region of Northern California, 

 we look for a tree hardy enough for our island 

 climate, and in this noble Hemlock we have it. 

 The foliage, as graceful as a fern, is of a deep, 

 lustrous green, and silvery white beneath. 

 Though hardy in this country, it is best in 

 sheltered places in deep moist soil. Syns., 

 Abies mertensiana, and Albertiana. 



T. PATTONIANA (Alpine Hemlock}. A 

 beautiful and stately tree 100 to 150 ft. high, 

 and from 6 to 10 ft. in diameter of trunk, with 

 dark green foliage on slender branches that 

 sway in the slightest wind. Alpine and sub- 

 alpine forests in the Sierras of Northern 

 California, the Cascades and Northern Rocky 

 Mountains, often at great elevations. Hardy 

 and at home in Britain. T. Hookeriana is a 

 northern variety, smaller and sharply pyramidal 

 in lorm. 



T. TSUGA (Japanese Hemlock Spruce}. 

 This tree, known also as T. Sieboldi, is as 

 graceful in growth as the Canadian Hemlock 

 Spruce and fully as hardy. It takes more 

 of the character of a large and dense spreading 

 bush than of a tree, and is useful for grouping 

 with other conifers. 



TULIP A ( Tulip). Among the most 

 beautiful of hardy bulbous flowers, the 

 finest self Tulips being unsurpassed for 



