946 



COTYLEDON. 



SUPPLEMENT. 



CRA'IVKGUS. 



ture spoon rolled out under pressure, 

 bright green while young, becoming dark, 

 and finally orange red before falling. The 

 small starry yellow flowers are scattered 

 freely about the shoots, and should give 

 place to red or yellow berries, but these are 

 seldom seen in this country. The plant 

 grows well in a north aspect and in partial 

 shade, but will also bear the sun in shel- 

 tered spots on the lawn or in the rock- 

 garden, where its tendency is to spread. 



J. H. B. 



COTYLEDON. As understood by 

 botanists, this now includes the groups 

 long known as Echeveria and Umbilicus. 

 The first of these is still known so univer- 

 sally under the old name that we have no 

 hesitation in keeping to it in this book, 

 and we have therefore only to deal with 

 the Pennyworts little succulent plants 

 similar to the Houseleeks and once 

 grouped under Umbilicus. They are 

 planted as edgings or in dry places where 

 few other things would live, and even thus 

 the kinds are not all hardy. Four or five 

 sorts are grown : 



C. chrysanthus, a little plant like a small 

 Houseleek, about 4 in. high, with white or 

 creamy-yellow flowers in short panicles. 

 C. sempervivum grows rather taller, its dull 

 green rosettes shaded with brown, and the 

 pink flowers coming as large clusters in early 

 autumn. This kind is most used for carpet- 

 bedding, and the flowers are then carefully 

 pinched out. Kurdistan. C. spinosus is a 

 quaint little plant like a small Apicra or 

 Haworthia, with a rosette of flat, spoon-shaped 

 leaves each tipped with a spine, and a spike of 

 yellow flowers in early summer. It sometimes 

 reaches a height of 12 in. or more and is 

 only hardy in dry and sunny places ; in a 

 sharp winter and in cold places it is only safe 

 under glass, and it needs careful protection 

 from slugs at all times. Siberia, China, and 

 Tapan. Syn. Sempervivum spinosum. S. 

 sedoides is a little plant with thick reddish 

 leaves like a Sedum, from southern Europe ; 

 and C. Umbilicus is a hardy British plant, 

 with queer rounded leaves almost like a tiny 

 mushroom, and greenish-yellow flowers in 

 June. It grows on walls and rocky places 

 near the south and west coasts, with stems of 

 6 to 1 8 in., and leaves coming after the 

 flowers are past. 



CRAT^GUS. Until of late, the haw- 

 thorns of America were little known ; 

 many kinds have now been described, 

 among which the following kinds are said 

 to be of garden value. They are adapted 

 to all kinds of ornamental planting, 

 and seem to prefer heavy limestone soil, 

 for they occur very sparingly in light or 

 sandy soils. Planters have an idea that 

 they are difficult to transplant, but if 

 pruned back rather severely, quite large 



plants may be moved without loss, and 

 in two or three years' time they will be 

 objects of great beauty. 



Cratagtts Arnoldiana, a tree 15 or 20 ft. 

 in height, with a. broad irregular head. The 

 flowers are borne as loose downy clusters 

 towards the end of May. The bright crimson 

 fruit, usually a little longer than broad, ripens 

 about the middle of August and soon falls. 

 The tree is remarkable for the early ripening 

 of its finely-coloured fruits in summer or early 

 autumn. 



C. Baxteri is a spreading shrub, with a broad 

 head and 12 to 14 ft. high. The flowers come 

 about the first week in June, and the orange- 

 red fruits ripen about the middle of October. 

 The leaves are dull bluish-green, nearly oval 

 in outline, and with a peculiarly concave 

 surface, by which the tree is easily recognised. 



C. beatu, a handsome shrub of 15 to 

 1 8 ft., bearing large saucer-shaped flowers, 

 an inch or more across, with dark crim- 

 son anthers, coming into bloom during 

 the last week in May. The oblong, crimson 

 fruit, gathered in large drooping clusters, 

 ripens at the end of September or early in 

 October. The foliage is a deep blue-green 

 and the tree is exceedingly handsome when in 

 flower. 



C. coccinoides comes rather near C. Durobri- 

 veitsis, but differs in its dark grey branches, 

 smaller flowers, and the early dropping of its 

 fruit. It is a handsome species, found from 

 southern Illinois to eastern Missouri. 



C. Dunbari forms a dense round-topped 

 shrub of 1 2 to 15 ft. The flowers with rose- 

 coloured anthers, gathered into long com- 

 pound clusters, open about 2Oth May. The 

 large drooping clusters of showy crimson fruit 

 ripen towards the end of September. The 

 leaves are very distinct in outline, oval or 

 almost evenly rounded. 



C. Durobrivensis, a tall, upright shrub o. 

 15 to 1 8 ft., with olive-grey stems. The large 

 showy flowers with rose-coloured anthers, 

 open in the last week of May, and the glowing 

 scarlet fruits ripen about the end of September 

 and hang without loss of beauty all through 

 the autumn and early winter, when their 

 colour is 'very valuable. 



C. Ellwangeriana is a handsome tree 25 or 

 more ft. high, with a trunk a foot in diameter 

 and branching into a spreading head 25 to 30 

 ft. across. The fragrant flowers, an inch 

 across, with rosy anthers, come in large clusters 

 about 2Oth May. The drooping crimson 

 fruits ripen early in September and fall 

 towards the end of the month ; when just 

 matured their effect is very striking, but the 

 birds soon find them out. The leaves are large, 

 oval, and dark green. 



C. ferentaria, a tall handsome shrub of 15 to 

 18 ft., with hairy clusters of flower, open 

 towards the end of May. The small fruits ot 

 a glowing crimson hang in broad drooping 

 clusters, fully coloured from about the middle 

 of September. The leaves turn to a fine 

 yellow in the autumn and fall early. 



