CARDAMINE. 



THE ENGLISH FLOWER GARDEN-. CARPENTERIA. 467 



C AED AMINE ( Cuckoo-flower or Lady's 

 Smock}. Plants of the Wallflower Order, 

 few of which are cultivated, the best being 

 the native Cuckoo-flower in its double 

 form. This will grow well almost any- 



Caragana Chamlagu. 



where, although, like the wild plant, that 

 colours the meadows with its soft-hued 

 flowers, it delights in swampy ground. 

 The single kind is too common to need 

 cultivation ; the double kind is a pretty 

 subject for the spring garden and for 

 borders. Division. C. trifolia is a pretty 

 species, with white flowers, from Switzer- 

 land ; 9 to 1 2 in. high ; a border or rough 

 rock-plant. C. latifolia, C. asarifolia, and 

 C. rotundifolia are pretty dwarf plants 

 when in flower, but not popular in 

 gardens. 



The Toothworts (syn. Dentarias) are 

 interesting spring-flowering plants. They 

 grow best in a light sandy or peaty soil 

 enriched by decayed leaf-mould. Their 

 flowers are welcome in early spring, and 

 remain some time in beauty, and they are 

 easily increased from the small tuber-like 

 roots. Some, like C. bulbifera (Coral 

 Root), bear bulblets on the stem, and from 

 these the plant may be increased. C. digi- 

 tata, a handsome dwarf kind, about 12 in. 

 high, flowers in April ; rich purple, in flat 

 racemes at the top of the stem. C. 

 maxima is the largest of the species, 

 being 2 ft. high, with many pale-purple 

 flowers, and is a native of N. America. 

 C. pinnata is a stout species at once dis- 

 tinguished by its pinnate leaves ; it is 

 from 14 to 20 in. high, flowering from 

 April to June, bearing large pale-purple, 

 lilac, or white flowers, in a cluster. It is 

 a native of mountain and sub-alpine woods 

 in Switzerland. 



CAREX (SV^*). Waterside grass-like 

 herbs well known in all northern and 

 temperate countries, but few have a place 

 in the garden. 



C. paniculata is a very large Sedge, 

 something like a dwarf Tree Fera, with 

 strong thick stems and luxuriant masses 

 of drooping leaves, the roots forming 

 dense tufts, I to 3 ft. high, flowers in a 

 large and spreading panicle. A few tufts 

 are very effective in wet places. The 

 finer specimens are of great age, and are 

 found in the bogs where the plant is wild. 



C. pendula. A graceful British sedge, 

 growing in large tufts, with numer- 

 ous flowering stems and shoots from 3 to 

 6 ft. high, the leaves 2 ft. or more in 

 length. When in flower the graceful 

 pendent spikes, from 4. to 7 in. long, are 

 pretty, and the plant is very suitable for 

 the margin of water or for shady or moist 

 spots. Common in Britain in evergreen 

 patches in cool or marshy woods. 



CARPENTERIA. A lovely and dis- 

 tinct shrub of the Saxifrage Family C. 

 californica living out-of-doors against 

 walls in favoured situations. It is 6 to 

 10 ft. high, having long narrow pale-green 

 leaves, and great clusters of large white 

 fragrant flowers. The first account of it 

 in England was from Mr. Saul, of Wash- 



Carpenteria californica in a Sussex garden. 



ington, who sent specimens of it to The 

 Garden in 1880. It is nearly related to 

 the Mock Oranges, which it somewhat 

 resembles, but is handsomer : thrives in 

 light warm soil, and increased from 

 H H 2 



