CASTANEA. 



THE ENGLISH FLOWER GARDEN. 



CATALPA. 



469 



woody plants ; it may be grown without 

 much trouble with the more common C. 

 tetragona. Both are pretty for the rock 

 or bog garden. 



Cassiope fastigiata. 



). Anoble 

 tree, native of eastern and southern Europe. 

 There are fine old trees in many of our 

 country seats in all parts of the south of 

 the country, though excepting in the 

 warmer counties, such as Devonshire, the 

 fruit is not as good as on the continent of 

 Europe. The Chestnut thrives best in 

 airy and warm situations, and upon stony 

 or free soils, not caring much for chalk 

 or heavy soils. There are various garden 

 forms of the Chestnut which are all in- 

 creased by grafting, but none of them are 



so important as the common tree. As 

 regards its uses, it is common in our 

 underwoods and most effective, perhaps, 

 in all the instances we know of, grouped 

 on turf and occasionally as an avenue 

 tree, but in that case it ought to be planted 

 wide apart. It is easily raised from seed 

 planted directly where it is wanted to 

 grow. There are on the Continent, where 

 the tree is much more grown than here, a 

 good many varieties distinguished by the 

 value of their fruits. Variegated varieties 

 as usual are useless for the garden. There 

 are a few other species such as C. crenata 

 (Japan), de?itata (N. America), and the 

 dwarf C. pumila of the Southern states of 

 N. America, but these are of slight value 



Castanea pumila. 



compared to that of C. Vesca, the beauty 

 of old trees of which is very great, as seen 

 at Shrubland, Tortworth, Cowdray, and 

 many other places. 



CATALPA. Handsome flowering 

 trees of the Bignonia order, one of them 

 forming quite a beautiful tree even in 

 London gardens. The Catalpas thrive best 

 in warm ground and in sheltered positions, 

 the common kind often thriving by the 

 margin of water, though it is more liable 

 to be injured in severe winters in such 

 places. 



C. bignonoides (Indian Bean}. A 

 handsome tree, native of the Gulf States 

 of Eastern America, but hardy in southern 

 Britain and the kind which flowers so 

 well in London. There is no more 

 precious lawn tree giving good shade 

 and flowering at a season when all the 

 early trees are out of flower. It is best 

 propagated by seed and is not difficult 

 about soil. This tree has a number of 

 synonyms, the best known being C 

 syringcefolia . 



