CYANANTHUS. 



THE ENGLISH FLOWER GARDEN. 



CYCLAMEN. 



507 



it at all seasons. The English name of Yellow 

 Cypress was given by the colonists of Van- 

 couver's Island from the fresh wood being 

 yellow in colour. Syn : Thuiopsis borealis. 



C. OBTUSA (Great Japanese Cypress}. A 

 very beautiful evergreen tree of the mountains 

 of Japan, better known in our gardens under 

 the wrong name of Retinispera. It has many 

 forms and so-called varieties which are really 

 states of growth only, and which are nearly 

 always grown in nurseries under the name of 

 ' ' Retinospera. " The confusion of names in 

 this plant and its varieties has caused its great 

 value as a tree to be overlooked. It grows 

 nearly 100 feet high,' and is very handsome. 

 In its own country it is much used to form 

 avenues. It has many varieties with Latin 

 names, but few of them of real value as they 

 grow old. 



C. PISIFERA (Peafrnited Cypress}. Here, 

 as with C. obtusa, there is much confusion of 

 names and giving of Latin ones to mere 



Cupressus thyoides. 



varieties and states of growth. It is a much 

 smaller tree than the great Japanese Cypress, 

 but a hardy and useful one. Syn., Re- 

 tinospora. 



C. SEMPERVIRENS (Eastern Cypress}. One 

 of the most graceful of all evergreen trees, 

 giving distinct and good effects in many parts 

 of the East and Northern Africa, spreading 

 into Northern India also. In some North 

 Italian gardens it grows well over 100 feet, 

 as in the Giusti Garden at Verona, and there 

 are very old trees in Rome and many other 

 parts of Italy. In Algeria and Tunis I have 

 seen it forming noble shelters for the orange 

 gardens, far better than any clipped tree could 

 do. Unhappily, it is not generally hardy in 

 England, though it has some chance near 

 ihe sea in mild districts. 



C. THYOIDES (Southern White Cedar}. 

 This is a tree of the North American woods, 

 sometimes reaching nearly 100 feet high in its 

 best state, inhabiting wet places and swamps 

 in New England, westward and southward, 

 rather near the coast, and forming very dark 

 woods. Coming from a very cold country it is 

 hardy, and may be planted in wet and marshy 

 places. There are several varieties, one varie- 

 gated and of no value. ( W. R. 



CYANANTHUS (Lobed C.). A pretty 

 Himalayan rock-plant, about 4 in. high, 



flowering in August and September ; C. 

 lobatus has purplish-blue flower, with a 

 whitish centre, and thriving in sunny 

 chinks in the rock-garden. It grows best 

 in a mixture of sandy peat and leaf-mould, 

 with plenty of moisture during growth, 

 and is increased by cuttings. The seed 

 requires a dry season ; in wet weather the 

 large, erect calyx becomes filled with 

 water, which rots the seed-vessel. Cam- 

 panulaceae. 



C. incanus. This flowers more freely 

 than C. lobatus ; like that species, it 

 should be planted in a dry, sunny, well- 

 drained position, as, if the situation be 

 too damp, the fleshy root-stock is liable 

 to rot. It is even a good plan to place 

 something over the plant during the 

 resting season. The flowers are not so 

 large as those of the other species, but 

 are more charming in colour, their beauty 

 enhanced by the white tuft of silky hairs 

 in the throat of the corolla. Campanu- 

 laceas. 



CYATHEA (Silver Tree-fern). This 

 very handsome Fern, C. dealbata, known 

 in N. Zealand as the Silver Tree-fern, has 

 a slender, almost black stem, 4 to 8 ft. 

 high, ending in a fine crown of fronds, 

 dark-green above and milk-white below. 

 It may be placed in the open air, in the 

 southern and milder districts, from the 

 end of May till the end of September. 



CYCAS. C. revoluta is a tropical 

 plant, with a stout stem, sometimes 6 to 

 10 ft. high, from the top of which issues a 

 beautiful crown of superb dark-green 

 leaves 2 to 6 ft. long. It is one of the 

 most valuable greenhouse plants, that 

 may be placed out from the end of May 

 till October, and is particularly graceful 

 in the centre of a bed of flowering plants, 

 or isolated with the pot or tub plunged to 

 the rim in the turf, always in a warm 

 position. It is increased by seeds, or 

 separation of suckers, which are occa- 

 sionally thrown up. 



CYCLAMEN (Sowbread}. ~ Except 

 the Persian, Cyclamens are as hardy as 

 Primroses ; but they love the shelter and 

 shade of low bushes or hill copses, where 

 they may nestle and bloom in security. 

 In the places they naturally inhabit there 

 is usually the friendly shelter of Grasses 

 or branchlets about them, so that their 

 large leaves are not torn to pieces by 

 wind or hail. The Ivy-leaved Cyclamen 

 is in full leaf through winter and early 

 spring, and for the sake of the beauty of 

 the leaves alone it is desirable to place it 

 so that it may be safe from injury. It is 

 easy to naturalise the hardier Cyclamens 

 in many parts of the country. Good 



