510 CYCLAMEN. 



THE ENGLISH FLOWER GARDEN. 



CYI'KII'KDIUM. 



diameter, and 100 to 150 spring from one 

 tuber. They are admirable for table 

 decoration during winter. The flowers 

 continue from the end of August until 

 October, and are purplish red, frequently 

 with a stripe of lighter colour. There is 

 a pure-white variety, and also a white one 

 with pink base or mouth of corolla ; these 

 reproduce themselves tolerably true from 

 seed. Strong tubers will produce 200 

 to 300 flowers. Some are delightfully 

 fragrant. They are quite hardy, but are 

 worthy of a little protection to preserve 

 the late blooms, which often continue to 

 spring up till the end of the year. This 

 species is so perfectly hardy as to make it 

 very desirable for the rock-garden and 

 the open borders. It will grow in almost 

 any soil and situation, though best in a 

 well-drained rich border or rock-garden, 

 which it well deserves. It does not like 

 frequent removal. It has been naturalised 

 on the mossy floor of a thin wood, on very 

 sandy poor soil, and may be naturalised 

 almost everywhere. It would be peculi- 

 arly attractive in a semi-wild state in 

 pleasure-grounds and by wood walks. C. 

 graecum is a very near ally, if more than 

 a variety, and requires the same treatment. 

 The foliage is more like C. persicum, or 

 the southern form of C. europaeum. C. afri- 

 canum (algeriense macrophyllum) is hardy 

 in warm sheltered situations. It is much 

 larger in all parts than C. hederaefolium, 

 but otherwise is very nearly allied. 



C. ibericum (Ibeiian Cyclamen). 

 Belongs to the Coum section. There is 

 some obscurity respecting the authority 

 for the species and its native country. 

 The leaves are very various. It flowers 

 in spring, the flowers varying from deep 

 red-purple to rose, lilac, and white, with 

 intensely dark mouth ; and are more 

 abundant than those of C. Coum. 



C. vernum (Spiing Cyclamen). The 

 leaves rise before the flowers in spring ; 

 they are generally more or less white 

 on the upper surface, and are often 

 purplish beneath. Though one of the 

 most interesting species, and perfectly 

 hardy, it is seldom cultivated successfully 

 in the open border or rock-garden ; it is 

 impatient of excessive wet about the 

 tubers, and likes a light soil, in a rather 

 shady nook sheltered from winds, its 

 fleshy leaves being soon injured. The 

 tubers should be planted deep, say not 

 less than 2 to 2^ in. below the surface. 

 C. vernum of Sweet is considered by 

 many as only a variety of Coum, and it 

 is known as C. Coum var. zonale. It is 

 also known as C. repandum. There is a 

 white-flowered variety. 



Cyclobothra. See CALOCHORTUS. 



Cydonia. See PYRUS. 



CYNARA (French Artichoke}. This 

 plant, C. Scolymus, much grown for cook- 

 ing, has as a foliage-plant much beauty ; 

 its long silvery deeply divided leaves, 

 height (4 to 5 ft.), purplish flower-heads, 

 and habit render it very suitable for the 

 rougher parts of pleasure grounds, grass, 

 &c., which are often occupied by fine plants 

 far less handsome. 



CYPERUS (Galingale\k water plant 

 of fine form from 2 to 3 ft. high, C. longus is 

 crowned by a handsome, loose, umbellate 

 panicle of chestnut-coloured flower-spikes, 

 at the base of which there are three or 

 more leaves, often I or 2 ft. long, the lower 

 ones of a bright shining green arching 

 gracefully. The root-stock is thick and 

 aromatic, and was formerly much used as a 

 tonic. A rare native plant, suitable for 

 the margin of water. 



CYPRIPEDIUM (Lady's Slipper]. 

 Handsome Orchids, embracing several 

 beautiful perfectly hardy species, of which 

 the Mocassin-flower (C. spectabile) is the 

 finest cultivated hardy kind. The follow- 

 ing are a few of the cultivated kinds. 



C. acaule (Stemless Lady's Slipper). 

 A dwarf species with a naked downy 

 flower-stalk, 8 to 12 in. high, bearing a 

 green bract at the top, flowers early in 

 summer, large, solitary purplish with a 

 rosy-purple (rarely white) lip, nearly 2 in. 

 long, which has a singular closed fissure 

 down its whole length in front. Northern 

 States of North America in woods and 

 bogs. Thriving in moist peaty or sandy 

 soil or leaf-mould. 



C. Calceolus (English Lady's Slipper]. 

 The only British species and the largest 

 flowered of our native Orchids, i to if ft. 

 high, flowers in summer, solitary (some- 

 times two) large flowers of a dark-brown 

 colour, with an inflated clear yellow lip 

 netted with darker veins, and about I in. 

 in length. North Europe, and occasion- 

 ally in the northern counties of England, 

 where, however, it is now almost exter- 

 minated. Very ornamental for the rock- 

 garden, where it should be planted in 

 sunny sheltered nooks of calcareous soil, 

 or in narrow fissures of limestone rock, in 

 well-drained, rich, fibrous loam, in an east 

 aspect. 



C. guttatum (Spotted Lady's Slipper], 

 A handsome kind, seldom seen in gar- 

 dens, 6 to 9 in. high, flowers in summer, 

 solitary, rather small, beautiful, white, 

 heavily blotched, or spotted with deep rosy 

 purple. Found in Canada, N. Europe (near 

 Moscow), and N. Asia, in dense forests 

 amongst the roots of trees in moist, 



