JUNCUS. 



THE ENGLISH FLOWER GARDEN. 



JUNIPERUS. 615 



counties, occasionally attaining fine pro- 

 portions, especially on warm and chalky 

 soil ; but as we go further north it becomes 

 less and less likely to ripen its fruit, and 

 in Scotland it has to be grown against 

 walls. In parts of Central and Southern 

 Europe it is so much cultivated that the 

 wood and fruit and oil produced by it form 

 .a principal source of commerce. There 

 is very much of interest as regards the 

 uses of the various products of the 

 Walnut in countries where it is at home, 

 but here we are concerned with its culture 

 and beauty as a lawn, pleasure ground or 

 orchard tree, and in this way with us it 

 thrives best in good and rather dry soils 

 on calcareous base though thriving in 

 other soils. 



The form of single trees is often very fine, 

 as indeed it is as a group, and sometimes 

 as a short avenue. It may also be grown 

 as an orchard tree where the soil is favour- 

 able and there is plenty of room. The 

 finest specimens are occasionally nearly 

 100 feet in diameter in spread of branch. 

 The cut-leaved form will appeal to some. 

 Among the other species there are remark- 

 able trees, but our common Walnut has in 

 Europe so many good qualities that it is 

 the best to plant, although some of the other 

 species are good for collections of hardy 

 trees, such as J. cineria, the butternut, J. 

 nigra, the black W T alnut, both of America ; 

 a very hardy, fine tree which would thrive 

 in situations where our common Walnut 

 might not be so free ; J. mandshurica, of 

 the Amoor region ; J. rupestris, of the 

 Western United States ; and J. Sieboldi, 

 of Japan ; besides several hybrids be- 

 tween the common Walnut and other 

 species. 



JUNCUS (Rush). Water or marsh 

 plants, generally with long round leaves. 

 J. effusus spiralis is a very singular plant, 

 whose spreading tufts of leaves, instead of 

 .growing straight, are twisted in a cork- 

 screw form. It is worth cultivating on the 

 margins of water. It is easily multiplied 

 by division of the tufts. J. zebrinus is 

 apparently a form of the common Rush 

 (J. communis). The long round leaves 

 are barred with bands of yellow and 

 green, and it is a striking plant, as its 

 rigid habit and singular markings stand 

 out in bold relief. 



JUNIPERUS. Evergreen shrubs and 

 medium sized trees, natives of northern 

 and temperate countries. The wood of 

 some kinds is fragrant and the foliage 

 containing an acrid principle as in the 

 Savin. The Junipers vary much in size 

 and habit in their native countries owing 

 to their usually wide geographical range, i 



and growing in all sorts and conditions 

 of soil and climate, probably mere forms 

 of varieties have been considered species. 

 Some are too tender for our climate, 

 although of much value in their own, 

 while others are quite hardy and vigorous 



with us. Such beauty as the hardy kinds 

 possess is very much diminished by the 

 common way of planting among shrubs, 

 or, in the case of the pinetum, isolating in 

 grass, both ways being against their good 

 effect and even good cultivation. Where 

 possible the really effective way is to 

 group them. The good effect of this is 

 well seen in the case of the common 

 Savin, as indeed it would be in most of 

 the others, and where there is no room to 

 do this, and do them justice, it would be 

 better to leave them out altogether, as, 

 starving in the embraces of the common 

 British shrubbery, they soon come to a 

 bad end. The following embrace, so far 

 as we know, the most distinct of the hardy 

 kinds only : 



J. CHINENSIS (The Winter-flowering 

 Juniper}. A low tree or bush, hardy and 

 useful in gardens as during winter or in 

 early spring, when covered with its yellow 



Juniperus chinensis. 



male flowers, it is beautiful, and of the easiest 

 culture, succeeding well on loamy soil ; several 



