ENQUIRY INTO PLANTS, VI. v. 1-3 



many roots, but is not deep-rooting. It grows at the 

 rising of the Pleiad, the first seed-time, 1 and then 2 

 puts forth its leaf; for it is not annual, but lives 

 longer than one year. 



3 Caper, as was said, is'quite distinct from these ; 

 it has a spinous leaf and a spinous stem, whereas 

 pheos* and ' horse-pkeos ' have no spines on their 

 leaves 5 ; it has a single 6 root, is low-growing, 7 and 

 has a creeping stem ; it grows and flowers in summer, 

 and the leaf remains green till the rising of the 

 Pleiad. It rejoices in sandy light soils, and it is said 

 that it is unwilling to grow on cultivated land, and 

 that though it grows near towns and in good soil, 

 and not, like silphium, in mountain country. This 

 account however 8 is not altogether accurate. 



9 A peculiarity of caltrop is that it is spinous- 

 fruited. 10 There are two kinds ; one has a leaf like 

 that of chick-pea, the other has spinous leaves. 

 Both are low-growing and much divided, but the 

 spinous-leaved form grows later and is found near 

 enclosures. The seed of the early kind is like that 

 of sesame, that of the late kind is round and blackish 

 and enclosed in a pod. These may serve as examples 

 of plants which have spines as well as leaves. 11 



12 Rest-harrow has spines on the shoots ; the leaf, 

 which is annual, 13 is like that of rue, and grows right 

 along the stem, so that the general appearance is 



6 Dioso. 2. 173 gives a different account. 

 ' cf. 7. 8. 1. 



8 ovv add. W. (in comm.) from G. 



9 Plin. 21. 98. 10 cf. 6. 1. 3. 



11 TO. fj.ev olv irapa TO. <f>v\\a conj. Sell. (o$v add. W. ) ; ret juev 

 oiiv &<rnep ava<pv\\a Ald.H. 12 Plin. 21. 98. 



13 I have altered the punctuation ; irropOaKavOov, eTreVetoj/ Se- 

 rb <j>. KT\. W. after UMP. 



33 



VOL. II. D 



