214 DEPRIVATION AND TRANSPORTATION. 



to a quarter at the toe. It is to be particularly 

 attended to in the construction, that there be as few 

 joinings as possible, and these are to be fastened 

 with rivets instead of solder.* We have made what 

 we think an improvement on this instrument, not 

 on the principle, but on the shape, and the mode of 

 using it ; and have given a figure of it in PL XIII. 

 fig. 2. A is the body of the instrument, having a 

 bottom at B, perforated with small holes, through 

 which the smoke of burning rags, or of tinder, or of 

 dried cow-dung, made damp before being used, 

 placed inside at A, will be blown out at the point c ; 

 D is the lid which slips on the body, after the rags 

 are kindled within, having a tube E treble the dia- 

 meter of the opening at c. The rim of the lid is 

 perforated with holes ^ inch in diameter, correspond- 

 ing to the same number of holes in the body of the 

 instrument, the use of which is to admit the air by 

 bringing the holes over each other, and thus to pre- 

 vent the fire from being extinguished, when the 

 operator occasionally lays it out of his hand. When 

 about to resume it, a half-turn of the lid, by break- 

 ing the correspondence of the holes, will again ex- 

 clude the air ; F is a ring by which the instrument 

 is held; if an assistant is at hand, he may insert 

 the nozzle of a pair of hand-bellows into the mouth 

 of the tube E, and thus add to its efficiency. The 

 instrument is made of tin, having all the joinings 

 rivetted instead of being soldered. It is on a scale 

 of six or seven times the dimensions of the figure* 

 * Howatson on Bees, page 62. 



