XXVIU 



CONTENTS 



PAGES 

 Natal. Regions accordin;; to Thode. iv. Scmf/, Jmaha. Aigcntine Cordilleras. South 

 Chili 2. The Regions "in Warm Temperate Districts with Moist VS^ inters, i. Medi- 

 Urraman Coiaitrm. Lebanon. Atlas. Sierra Nevada. Mont Ventoux. Apennines. Aetna. 

 South Macedonian mountains. Athos. Canary Isles. Laurel-forest in the montane region of 

 the Canaries, ii. America. Califo.nia. Chili. 3- The Regions in the Cold Tem- 

 perate Belts, i. Swilzerlaiid. Forests of the basal and montane regions. Alpine region. 

 Klfin-wood. Kliododendron. .Shrubland. Alpine grassland. Rock-flora. Flora and climate 

 of the St. Theodule P.ass. ii. Rei^onal Tables. Regions on the Tatra range ; on the Pyrenees ; 

 on the Caucasus; on the Tian-Shan ; on the Altai; onOntake; on the White Mountains; on the ^ 

 Rocky Mountains; in Tierra del Fuego 75°-?''° 



SECTION V. AQUATIC VEGETATION 



CHAPTER I. GENERAL CONDITIONS OF EXISTENCE OF 

 AQUATIC PLANTS 



I. Halophytes and Non-halophytes. Salt, fresh, and brackish water. 2. Differentia- 

 tion of Aquatic Vegetation. Horizontal differentiation. Vertical differcnti.ilion. Benthos, 

 plankton, hcmiplankton. Physics and chemistry of the substratum. 3. Periodic Phenomena. 

 4. Special Consideration of the Factors. Salts. Temperature. Light . . ;^^-'fii 



CHAPTER II. MARINE VEGETATION 



Introduction. Families composing the marine flora. I. The Benthos, i. General. 

 Lithophytes, sand-plants, miid-pl.ants. Epiphytes. Photic region: emerging belt, submerged 

 belt. Horizontal differentiation. ii. Tlie Benthos of Tropical Seas. Sargassum. I'overty in 

 plants belonging to the emerging belt. iii. The Benthos of Warm Temperate Seas. Diffeientia- 

 tion in the Bay of Naples according to Berthold. Predominant significance of light. Periodicity 

 of light and periodicity of movement, iv. The Bcntlios of Cold Temperate Seas. Preponderance 

 of brown Algae. Emerging and submerged belts. Reduced influence of light. Temperature 

 and periodicity. Change of fronds. South temperate seas. v. The Arctic Benthos. Great 

 luxuriance. Role of the Fucaceae and Laminariaceae. Habitats. Periodicity. 2. The 

 Pelagic Plankton. Systematic comparison. Occological characteristics. Regions of illumina- 

 tion. Climatic zones ............. 786-S07 



CHAPTER III. FRESH-WATER VEGETATION 



1. Systematic and Oecological Survey. Families of plants in fresh water. Subdivision 

 of forms into five oecological types. 2. Fresh-water Lakes, i. General. Predominance of the 

 photic region. ii. The Differentiation of the Vegetation. I. The Limnetic Benthos of Lakes. 

 Belt-like arrangement in the photic region. Lime-excreting Cyanophyceac. Dj-sphotic region. 

 2. The Limnetic Blank/on of Lakes. Flora and oecology. 3. Flowing Water. Floating 

 vegetation. Liiho])liytcs of torrents. Podostemaceae. 4. Periodic Phenomena of the 

 Vegetation of Fresh Water. Benthos and plankton at different seasons. 5. The 

 Vegetation of Snow and Ice. Causes and distribution of red snow. Sphaerella nivalis. 

 Other microphytes on snow and ice S0S-S24 



INDEX 825-839 



