338 ZONES AND REGIONS [Pt. Ill, Sect. I 



carpus integrifolia, Covellia lepicarpa, Sterculia rubiginosa, Oreocnida major. 

 Diospyros sp., Averrhoa Bilimbi, and others. The cauliflory is very pecuUar in 

 Stelechocarpus Burakol, a small tree belonging to the Anonaceae, for in it the female 

 flowers spring in tufts out of thick warts on the stem, whilst the smaller male flowers 

 shoot out of the axils of leaves that have just fallen from the twigs. In Taxotrophis 

 javanica, on the other hand. I found the male flowers definitely on the stem, but the 

 female flowers in the axils of leaves on j^oung twigs. 



Cauliflory either excludes the formation of flowers on young twigs, as in 

 cases enumerated above, or the flowers may appear on young twigs as wel 

 as on the old cortex. Frequently cauliflor}- appears to be an occasiona 

 feature only. 



Among plants that are not exclusive!}', but are only occasional!}' cauliflorous, are 

 for instance, Saurauja pendula, Ficus cuspidata, Capura alata, IVTedinilla laurifolia 

 Drimyspermum longifolium, Oreocnida major, Sterculia rubiginosa, Browne; 

 coccinea. 



All possible transitions connect typical cauliflory with the production o 

 flowers on j'oung twigs. Thus a number of species are cauliflorous onl; 

 on relatively young branches ; for instance FJacourtia inermis, Evodi.i 

 Batjan. In other cases the flowers appear on the defoliated base o 

 a foliage shoot, the upper part of which bears leaves ; for instance specie 

 of Lasianthus, Goniothalamus Tapis, Gonocar}aim myrospermimi. I 

 a number of herbaceous plants the flowers appear only in the axils c 

 fallen leaves, as in Campelia marginata, Agalmyla staminea, Cyrtandr 

 nemorosa. According to Johow, the flowers of several Sapotaceae occu 

 only on two-year-old defohated portions of the twigs. 



The separation in space of the vegetative and reproductive functions- 

 for this is the subject under discussion — is exhibited more strikingly tha 

 in true cauliflory, zuherevcr certain leafless or very weakly foliagcd twig 

 springing from the main stem or from the thickest branches alone are fertil 

 whilst the crown remains purely vegetative. Such twigs, for instanc 

 encircle, like lianes, the lofty stem of Couroupita guianensis, and be 

 spherical fruits as large as one's head. 



In Ficus sp. ' Minahassae ' (Fig. 183), thin whip-like, scale-leaved twis 

 spring from the main stem and the thickest branches, on which little fi|| 

 are grouped in small capitula. In Ficus rhizocarpa such twigs spring 01 

 close to the ground only ^. In Anona rhizantha, which lias been investigatci 

 by Eichler, the fertile twigs are subterranean at their base and only the 

 flowering tips project above the ground. 



The question has often been raised why canliflory is so much common 



in the tropics than in temperate zones, and the distribution has usualj 



been associated with the conditions of pollination. To me it seems mo 



probable that it is owing to the weaker development or less degree 



' I noticed both species at Buitenzorg. r 



