THE ROOT. 8 1 



character of the soil itself and the amount of moisture and 

 organic matter in it. 



97. Buds. — New shoots may be formed by the roots, either 

 as a result of injuries, or normally. In a partially developed 

 form, these constitute buds (see ^f 101). Whether formed 

 as a result of injuries or normally, they are known as adven- 

 titious buds. They arise in the same places and develop in 

 the same way as lateral roots ; that is, they are endogenous, 

 and, as they continue to grow, burst through the cortex. 

 The shoots so produced grow in the normal manner. Very 

 rarely the growing point of the root, casting off the root- 

 cap, becomes itself the growing point of the shoot. This 

 alteration is usually the result of artificial reversal of the posi- 

 tion of the root, being brought about in some potted plants 

 by turning them upside down. 



