9 2 



PLANT LIFE. 



to be recognized among many deciduous trees, and, in the 

 apple, the so-called fruit spurs are a* 

 not dissimilar (fig. 103). 



111. (b) Flowers. —The most 

 common of the specialized branches 

 among the seed plants are those 

 which constitute the flower. In 

 these the axis usually remains short, 

 the leaves are crowded, and often 



Fig. 102. Fi ■. 103. 



Fig. 102. — The base of leaves and dwarf branch of Scotch pine cut through the center 

 lengthwise. Besides the two needle leaves the dwarf branch carries a number of scale 

 leaves, d. Between the bases of the needle leaves is seen the conical apex of the dwarf 

 branch, showing their lateral origin. Magnified about 4 diam.— After Luerssen. 



Fig. 103. — Twig of apple, bearing fruit spurs. A, points at which fruit was detached 

 the preceding year ; Wf leaf scars. Natural size.— After Hardy. 



some of them are highly colored (fig. 104). Commonly 

 these flower branches are deciduous. 



Fig. 104. Fig. 105. 



Fig. 104.— Flower of Sedum acre, s, sepal ; /, petal ; st, stamen ; c, carpel. Mag- 

 nified 3 diam. — After Baillon. 



Fig. 105. — Piece of a twig of asparagus; in the axil of the scale leaf, b, arise a flower 

 shoot, and three leafless needle-like branchlets. Magnified about 2 diam. — After Frank. 



112. (c) Cladophylls. — A few plants have developed 

 shoots which replace leaves in function and resemble them 



