426 



INDEX. 



Rivularia 369, 401 



Robinia, thorns ISO 



Root 65; adaptations 156; ad- 

 ventitious 267 ; aerial 324 ; 

 cage 200, 201; cap 68, 70, 71; 

 climbers 331 ; differences 

 from shoot 85 ; fleshy 77 ; 

 float 77; hairs 69, 70; hairs 

 and soil 154', hairs, solvent 

 action 155; origin from leaves 

 139 ; parasitic 339 ; pressure 

 156; pressure, apparatus for 

 157; primary 65; secondary 

 67 ; tap 324 ; tendrils 78 ; 

 thorns 78 ; tubercles 336 ; 

 woody 76 



Rose, flower 260; leaves 122 ; 

 prickle 102; seedling 118 



Rotation of protoplasm 191 



Runner 90, 265 



Rye, daily period of growth 

 185; stem 18 4 



Sage, anther 247 



Salts in water 154, 164 



Salvinia, sporangium 235 



Saprolegnia, zoospores 213 



Saprophytes 161 



Sarcina 11 



Sargassum 37, 38 



Saxifrage, flower 360 



Scales 320, 322; leaf 130 



Scarlet runner, motor organs 

 205 



Scions 266 



Scutellaria, cortex 109 



Secretion receptacles 176, 177 



Sedge, leaf edge 348 



Sedum, flower 92, 259; offsets 

 264 



Seed 296, 407; in angiosperms 

 299; distribution 306, 361; in 

 gymnosperms 297 



Seed plants, ovary 290 ; para- 

 sitic 340 ; spermary 280 ; 

 spores and sporangia 234 



Selaginella 386, 406 ; female 

 gametophyte 291 ; male ga- 

 metophyte 282; stem 105 



Selection, power of 164 



Sempervivum 325 



Sepal 238, 253 



Sex organs 273 



Sexuality, imperfect 269; loss 

 of 293; origin 268 



Shepherd's purse, embryo 66; 

 pistil 242 



Shoot 82; differences from root 

 85; from leaves 139; liver- 

 worts 52; primary 83 



Sleep movements 206 



Soil 153; effect of temperature 

 of 315 ; effect of physical 

 characters 317; limits of ab- 

 sorption from 155 ; salts in 

 154; water in 154 



Solutions, water 152 



Spadix 256 



Spathe 256 



Spermary 274, 277 



Sperms 276 



Sphaeroplea, gametes, 286 



Sphagnum, sporophyte 228 



Spirogyra 20, 370, 401 ; conju- 

 gating 272 



Splachnum, capsules 58 



Sporangia 216, 221; of anther 

 247; of fern 356 



Spore 212; chains 217; diagram 

 216; germinating 43 ; non- 

 sexual 212; of Penicilliumi?i7; 

 of Pilularia 214; protection 

 352; resting 294; sexual 268 



Sporophylls 131, 230 



Sporophyte 49, 227, 292; fern- 

 worts 62; mosses 58, 59, 222; 

 shoot 83; seed plants 64 



Spruce, ovaries 284 



Stamens 235, 236, 245 



Starch, manufacture 167 ; re- 

 serve 169 



Stem 96; climbing 99; erect 98; 

 forms of xerophytic 319; of 

 mosses 55, 56; prostrate 98; 

 sections 99, 102, 103, 104, 105, 

 106, 108, 114; shape 97; struc- 

 ture 99; twining 99 



Stele, of leaves 136; of root 71; 

 of stem 100, 103 



Stigma 240 



Stimulus 188; transmission of 

 190 



