Plants of the Punjab. 



39 



Trees with Alternate Exstipulatb Simple Leaves. 



Petals none. 



Taxus baecata, 

 Yew, 



Barma, thunu. 

 Conifers. 

 F. B. I. V. 648. 

 Himalaya, 6-11,000 ft. 

 Maliasu, Narlianda 

 (Collett). 



Pinus excelsa, 

 The Blue Pine, 



Kail, hiar, darchir. 



CONBFER.E. 



F. B. I. V. G51. 

 Himalaya, 6-1 '2,000 ft. 

 Simla (Collett). 

 Baluchistan. 



Cone bearing. 



Leaves narrow, linear. 



medium size, bark reddish-grey, thin, smooth, 

 flaking in longitudinal shreds ; leaves in 2 rows, dark 

 green, light or rusty beneath, leathery, 1-1|^ by ^V ^^'f 

 narrowed into a short stalk ; cones sessile, axillary, 

 male and female on different trees, male ^ in., bracts 

 empty, stamens in a cluster at the top, female minute, 

 bud-like, two upper bracts enclose the seed with the 

 disk ; fruit an ovoid berry | in. long, consisting of a 

 red fleshy cup nearly concealing the flattened olive-green 

 wingless seed. 



Leaves needle-like. 



large, bark smooth, slatey leathery when young, 

 grey corky, furrowed when older, wood excellent ; 

 leaves in clusters of 5, 6-8 in. long, 3 cornered, bluish- 

 green, in sheaths pinkish- brown, soon falling off; 

 male cones or catkins ^ in. long in crowded clusters, 

 with many scales, each scale carries '2 anthers, female 

 cones 2 or 3 together, 6-12 in. long, first erect, then 

 pendulous, on stalks 2-3 in. long, seeds ^-| in., black, 

 with a long, thin wing. Timber is very fairly good. 



Pinus longifolia, 



Chir, cliil. 

 Conifers. 

 F. B.I. V. 651. 

 Himalaya, 

 1,500-6,000 ft. 

 Simla (Collett). 

 Kasauli. 



Pinus Gerardiana, 



Mvri, galgoja. 

 Conifers. 

 F. B. I. V. 652. 

 Dry inner Valleys of 

 Himalaya, 6-12,000 ft. 

 Kurram Valley, 

 7-11,000 f.. 

 Baluchistan. 



large, bark, outer, corky and in thin crisp pieces, 

 reddish- brown, inner bark brick red ; leaves 9-12 in. long, 

 in clusters of 3, hght green, sheaths grey, persistent, 

 fringed, male catkins | in. long, female cones ovoid 

 with scales thickened at the apex, 4-8 by 3-5 in. at the 

 lower end, seeds with a short wing. Gandaharoza, 

 turpentine and tar are obtained from this tree. The 

 wood is much used, but rots in the wet. 



medium size, bark smooth, often silvery, flaking 

 in long pieces ; leaves in clusters of 3, 3-5 in. long, stout, 

 stiff, dark green, persistent for 3-4 years, sheaths soon 

 falhng off, male catkins ^-| in. long, female cones ovoid, 

 6-9 by 4-5 in., bluish-green, young, erect scales with a 

 recurved spine from the upper margin, seeds 1 in. long, 

 cylindric, wing short, soon falling off, eaten when roasted, 

 called Ckilgoza or N-oza. 



