188 



Plants of the Punjab. 



Herbs, Erect, with Opposite Exstipulate Simple Leaves. 



Leaf Margins Toothed. 

 Petals united. 



Spilanthes acmella, 



Akarkarlia, 

 jjohar-mul. 

 Composite. 

 F. B. I. iii. 307. 

 The Plains to 

 5,000 ft. 

 Dharmpur. 



Flowers, minute, in heads. 



medium size, amiual, velvety or hairy ; leaves |-1| in., 

 ovate- lanceolate, stalked, toothed, sometimes entire ; 

 flowers white or yellow, in discoid or rayed conical heads. 



1 3 



|, in. long, solitary on long stalks, bracts of the heads 

 green, lanceolate, in 2 rows, receptacle conical, covered 

 with concave scales, pappus none or 1 or 2 bristles, 

 outer ray flowers one row female, white or yellow, ligule 

 short, inner disk flowers 2-sexual, tubular, 4-5-toothed ; 

 achene^ flattened, enclosed in a scale. The seeds are 

 pungent and are used medicinally for toothache and as a 

 pot herb. 



Guizotia abyssinica, medium size, annual, velvety, leafy upwards, stout ; 



Composit.e. leaves 3-5 in., upper often alternate, ovate-lanceolate, 



F.B. I. iii. 307. or lanceolate-oblong, or linear, sessile, half stem-clasping, 



The Plains, east of blunt-pointed, sharply toothed ; flowers inner tubular, 



the Sutlej. outer ligulate, yellow, in stalked axillary or terminal heads, 



^-1 in. diam., bracts of heads 5, almost in 2 series, outer 

 almost leaf-like, broadly oblong or ovate, blunt, green, 

 inner like the scales of the floor of the head, pappus hairs 

 none, outer corollas ligulate, few, 2-3-toothed, inner tubular, 

 5-toothed, anther-bases abrupt, entire, style-arms hairy ; 

 achenes smooth, flattened, tip rounded. 



Gurgaon. 



Bidens cernua, 

 Bur-Marigold, 



Composite. 

 F. B. I. ih. 309. 

 Kashmir. 

 Chamba, 

 5-6,000 ft. 

 (Thompson). 



medium size, stout, annual, smooth ; leaves 3-5 in., 

 base toothed, sometimes nearly united ; flowers yellow, 

 in drooping clustered or nearly solitary discoid heads, 

 |-1 in. diam., bracts in 2 rows, united below, outer green, 

 inner dry, thin, receptacle scales narrow, flat, nearly as long 

 as the flowers, pappus of 2-4, stifl", barbed bristles, flowers 

 tubular, 5-toothed ; achenes flattened, slender, black, some- 

 times thickened and armed with recurved spines. 



Stamens five. 



Wahlenbergia 

 gracilis, 



seo Herbs, Erect, Alternate, Exstipulate, Simple, 



