332 



Plants of the Punjab. 



Herbs, Erect, with Alternate Exstipulate Simple Leaves. 



Leaf Margins Toothed. 

 Petals united. 

 Flowirs, minute, in heads, all tubular. 



Carthamus 



tinctorius, 



Safflower, 



Kasumhha. kusmn. 



CoMPOSITiE. 



E. B. I. iii. 386. 

 The Plains to 

 2,000 ft. 



medium size, anmial, smooth or velvety, tliistle-like ; 

 leaves l|-3 by |-l^in., lanceolate, stiff, toothed and spinous 

 or entire, sessile ; flowers small, orange-red, in terminal 

 heads |-1 in. diam., bracts of heads many, spinous, erect, 

 outer leaf-like, spinous or not, inner ovate-oblong, 

 short-pointed, floor of head flat, densely bristly, pappus 

 none, corollas all tubular, deeply 5-toothed, slender, anther- 

 bases forked, tails short fringed ; achenes ovoid with top 

 broad, 4-angled, smooth, with 4 bosses at the top. 

 This plant is found as an escape, widely cultivated as a 

 winter crop ; the flowers provide rouge, a beautiful pink 

 dye and oil is obtained from the seeds. 



Carthamus 

 oxyacantha, 



Kantiari, poli. 

 Composite. 

 E. B. I. iii. 386. 

 The Plains, 

 west of the Eavi. 

 Gujar Khan (Douie). 

 Rawalpindi. 

 Baluchistan (Lace). 



medium size, annual, stem and branches white, leaves 

 oblong or oblong-lanceolate, lower shortly spinous-toothed, 

 upper half stem-clasping, very spinous, flowers orange- 

 yellow, outer bracts of head longer than the flowers, white 

 below the contracted portion, green above it, with yellow 

 spines ; for other characters see the last species. This 

 plant may be the wild form of the last species. An illu- 

 minating oil is expressed from the seeds. 



Carthamus lanatus, 



see Herbs, Erect, Alternate, Exstipulate, Lobed. 



Inner flowers tubular, outer ligulate. 



Myriactis nepalensis, 



Composite, 

 E.B.I, iii. 247. 

 Himalaya, 

 4-10,000 ft. 

 Simla (Collett). 

 Kashmir. 



medium size to large, annual, velvety or roughly 

 hairy, much branched ; leaves 1-3 in., lanceolate, shortly 

 stalked, stalks winged ; flowers minute, outer white, inner 

 yehow, in heads |-iin. diam., in clusters on cHverging stalks, 

 bracts of heads in 3-4 series, short-pointed, narrow, margins 

 thin, afterwards reflexed, floor of heads convex, broad, 

 naked, pappus none, corollas, inner 4-5-toothed, outer entire, 

 short, anther-bases entire, style-arms narrow^ flattened, 

 lanceolate ; achenes flat, smooth, margined. 



