868 



Plants of the Punjab. 



Herbs, Erect, with Alternate Exstipulate Lobed Leaves. 



Petals united. 



Flowers, minute, in heads, all tubular. 



Cousinia auriculata, 



Composite. 

 F. B. I. iii. 360. 

 The Plains west of 

 the Indus. 

 Kashmir Valley. 



very like the last species, but smaller, heads solitary, 

 bristles of the floor of the head twisted below. 



Cousin a 

 microcarpa, 



Composite. 

 F. B. I. iii. 360. 

 Kashmir. 

 6-6,000 ft. 



very Hke the last species, but more slender, radical 

 leaves with the segments pointing backwards, stems 

 winged, pappus none. 



Carduus nutans. 

 Musk Thistle, 

 Kanchari, tiso. bada- 

 ward. 



COMPOSIT.^. 



F.B.I, iii. 361. 

 Himalaya, 

 6-12,000 ft. 

 Simla, Narkanda, in 

 fields (Gollett). 

 Kashmir, Hazara, 

 Murree (Douie). 



medium size to large, biennial, often unbranched, 

 stout, cobwebby, stem winged, wings spinous, grooved ; 

 leaves 6-12 in., oblong, pinnately lobed, margins wavy, 

 spiny ; flowers crimson, in clustered or solitary nodding 

 heads, |-1| in. diam., ovoid or round, bracts of heads lan- 

 ceolate with awl-like points or outer or all ending in erect 

 or reflexed spines, floor of head fiat, densely bristly, pappus 

 soon falling off, copious, long, rough, united below into a 

 ring, corolla-tube long, deeply 5-lobed, anther-bases forked, 

 style-arms short, blunt ; achenes smooth, 4-angled, pale 

 brown. The leaves are used to curdle milk, and the 

 flowers as a febrifuge. 



Cnicus or 

 Carduus arvensis, 

 Creeping Thistle, 



Bhur-hhur. 

 Composite.. 

 F. B. I. iii. 362. 

 The Plains to 

 7,000 ft. 

 Valleys below 

 Simla (Collett). 

 Choa Saidan Shah, 

 Gujar Khan (Douie). 

 Baluchistan (Lace). 



large, stems many, not winged, often unbranched, not 

 perennial, creeping, tufts of different sexes ; leaves 3-5 

 in. long, sessile, linear-oblong or ovate with a broad tip, 

 pinnately lobed, lobes separating with spinous tips, felted 

 beneath, rough above ; flowers dull purple, male in round 

 heads |-1 in. diam., female in much longer heads with 

 looser bracts, heads generally solitary or clustered, bracts 

 of heads smooth or cobwebby, outer short, ovate, or tri- 

 angular ending in a short spine, inner gradually longer 

 with wavy, often recurved tips, innermost hnear-lanceo- 

 late with thin margins, floor of Luads densely bristly, 

 pappus copious, long, soon falling off, with a ring at the 

 base, corolla-tube long, deeply divided into 6 lobes, anther. 



