Plants of the Punjab. 



369 



Herbs, Erect, with Alternate Exstipulate Lobed Leaves. 



Petals united. 



Flowers, minute, in heads, all tubular. 



bases forked, style arms short, blunt, achenes smooth, 

 hnear-oblong, flattened, 4-angled, pale brown. A com- 

 mon weed in cultivated land. The seeds yield an oil some- 

 times used for burning. Cnicus and Carduus are very like 

 each other, but Cnicus has greener bracts and more 

 feathery pappus. 



Cnicus involucratus, 



Composite. 

 F. B. I. iii. 362. 

 Himalaya, 

 8-12,000 ft. 

 Kashmir. 



like the last species, but radical leaves 12 in. long, 

 deeply pinnatifid, stalked, bristly above, felted below, stem 

 leaves broad, stem clasping, heart-shaped, flowers pale 

 yellow, 1 in. long, male and female in the same heads, 1^ 

 2| in. diam., bracts of heads all spinulose, corollas 5-lobed, 

 but not deeply, pappus f in., brown. 



Cnicus 

 argyracantlius. 



Composite. 

 F. B. I. iii. 362. 

 Himalaya, 

 6-9,000 ft. 

 Simla, Fagu, 

 (Collett). 

 Murree. 



Cnicus Wallichii, 



CoMPOSITiE. 



F. B. I. iii. 363. 

 Himalava, 

 5-9,000 ^ft. 

 Simla, in fields 

 (Collett). 

 Murree. 



Silybum Marianum, 

 or Carduus 

 Marianus, 

 Milk thistle, 



CoMPOSITjG. 



F. B. I. iii. 364. 

 The Plains west of 

 the Indus to 

 8,000 ft. 

 Hazara, Kashmir. 



very hke the last species, but more slender, leaves 

 always smooth above, heads |-1 in., more numerous, smaller, 

 densely clustered, corollas |- in., white, pappus | in., nearly 

 white. 



like the last species, but larger, the tips of the inner 

 bracts dilated, occupjdng a large part of the head, flowers 

 dull yellow, | in, long, pappus brownish white. 



medium size to large, annual or biennial, shining, 

 smooth, stem grooved, not winged ; leaves large, with strong 

 spines, lobed, green above marbled with white : flowers 

 rose-purple in large solitary, terminal, nodding heads, 1-2 

 in. diam., bracts of heads leathery with a spine |-| in. long, 

 outer with a short point, floor of head fleshy, densely bristly, 

 pappus white, united at the base, anther-bases forked, 

 style nearly entire ; achenes I in., transversely wrinkled, 

 black or grey, flattened. 



B 



