370 



Plants oj the Punjab. 



Herbs, Erect, with Alternate Exstipulate Lobed Leaves. 



Petals united. 



Flowers, minute, in heads, all tubular. 



Saussurea 

 candicans, 



Batula, kala ziri. 

 Composite. 

 P. B. I. iii. 373. 

 The Plains from 

 2-7,000 ft. 

 Salt Eange, 

 Hazara, Kashmir, 

 Simla (Collett). 

 Baluchistan (Lace). 



Saussurea, 

 hypoleuca, 



Kat, Jxust 

 Composite. 

 F. B. L iii. 374. 

 Himalaya, 

 7-13,000 ft. 

 Hatii (Collett). 

 Kashmir. 



Saussurea Jacea, 



Saussurea Lappa, 

 The Costus, 



Kat, kust. 

 Composite. 

 F. B. I. iii. 376. 

 Kashmir, 

 8-12,000 ft. 

 (Falconer). 



medium size to large, annual, leafy, unbranched below, 

 heads erect ; leaves radical, 1-6 by |-1^ in., sometimes 18 

 by 6 in., stalked, oblong or ovate, with a broad tip, pin- 

 nately lobed at the base, generally smooth above, white- 

 cottony or felted beneath, stem leaves sessile, smaller, lan- 

 ceolate, few ; flowers pale red in erect long-stalked solitary, 

 or clustered heads, 1-1| m. diam., bracts of heads lanceolate, 

 long-pointed, cottony or velvety, floor of heads with long 

 bristles, pappus-hairs | in. long, very slender, corollas | in. 

 long, anther-bases deeply and irregularly divided ; achenes 

 I in., 5-angled, rough. The seeds are used as a carminative 

 in Indian medicine. 



large, annual, slender, leafy, branched above, heads 

 nodding ; leaves white-felted beneath, radical 6-10 in., 

 narrow, pinnately divided, lateral lobes pointing back, 

 terminal lobe much larger, oblong, sfcem-leaves 3-8 in., pin- 

 nately lobed, lateral lobes 2-4 pairs, oblong, less than 1 in, 

 long, terminal lobe 2-4 by 1-3 in., triangular, short-pointed; 

 flowers dark-purple, in solitary nodding, globose heads, 

 li-2 in. diam., bracts of heads lanceolate, long-pointed, 

 bristlj', purple, floor of heads with long bristles, anther 

 tails long, awl-shaped, split at the tip or not ; achenes ^ in., 

 4-angled, pappus ^ in., brown. 



see Herbs, Erect, 

 Entire. 



Alternate, Exstipulate, Simple, 



very large, stem undivided below, velvety ; leaves 

 rough above, smooth beneath, irregularly^ toothed, radical 

 with the stalk 2-3 ft. long, stalk lobed and winged, ter- 

 minal lobe often 12 in. across, stem leaves 6-12 in. long 

 with the stalk, base forked, half stem- clasping ; flowers f 

 in. long, dark purple, in nearly round, sessile, axillary or 

 clustered heads, 1-H in. diam., bracts of heads many, 

 purple, ovate-lanceolate, long-pointed, stiff, recurved, 

 floor of heads with long bristles, anther tails fringed, pappus 

 hairs | in., brown, achenes | in., curved, flattened, top 

 cupped. The root is exported in large quantities from 

 Kashmir ; it has a scent like orris root, and is much used 

 in perfumery, also in Hindu medicine as a tonic and 

 aphrodisiac, and as a cure for asthma., toothache, rheuma- 

 tism, and as an application to ulcers especially when 

 attacked by maggots. 



