456 



Plants of the'Vunjah. 



Herbs, Unbranched, with Alternate Stipulate Simple Leaves. 



Petals ununited. 



produced in a hollow spur, streaked with black, the other 

 4 petals flat, nearly equal, stamens 5, anthers sessile, erect, 

 united in a ring, each tipped with a small triangular lobe, 

 the two lower produced at the base in short spurs enclosed 

 within the petal spur, stigma 2-lobed ; capsule ovoid, open- 

 ing by 3 valves whose sides press on the smooth ovoid seeds, 

 ejecting them successively with some force. 



Viola Patrinii, 



Violace^. 

 F.B.Li. 183. 



Himalaya, 

 4-8,000 ft. 

 Simla (Collett). 

 Kashmir. 



Viola serpens, 

 or canescenes, 



Viloace^. 

 F. B.I. i. 184. 

 Himalaya, 

 5-7,000 ft. 

 Simla, Mahasu, 

 Narkanda, in woods. 



Viola odorata. 

 Sweet violet, 



Banafshah. 



YlOLAGEM. 



F.B.Li. 184. 

 Kashmir, 

 5-6,000 ft. 



Viola canina. 

 Dog violet, 



ViOLACEiE. 



F.B.Li. 185. 

 Kashmir, 

 4-8,000 ft. 



stemless, without runners, rootstock woody, leaves 

 8-4 by |~-2 in., triangular, ovate, oblong or linear- round or 

 sharp-toothed, base arrow- heart- or wedge-shaped, stipules 

 linear, flowers |-| in. diam., lilac, sepals lanceolate, spur 

 swollen, stigma 3-lobed, margined, capsule |-|in., straight ; 

 for other characters see the last species. 



smooth or with scattered white hairs, stems short 

 with long runners, leaves 1-2 in., ovate-heart-shaped, 

 blunt or sharp-pointed, round and sharp-toothed, stipules 

 toothed or fringed, flowers |-| in., lilac, spur swollen, sepals 

 short-pointed, capsules round, few-seeded, stigmas 3-lobed, 

 sometimes with a lateral hooked beak ; for other charac- 

 ters see the last species. Banajsha — an Indian medicine — 

 is made from the flowers. 



rootstock stout, stemless, runners slender, leaves |-1 

 in. diam., tip rounded, tufted, broadly ovate-heart-shaped, 

 round-toothed, stipules lanceolate, aAvl-shaped, entire or 

 toothed, sepals rounded at the tip, spur nearly straight, 

 short, almost cylindric, style thickened above, stigma 

 curved down ; for other characters see the last species. 

 The dried flowers are used in Muhammadan medicine ex- 

 tensively especially as diaphoretics and diuretics. 



very like the last species, but stipules leafy, fringed, 

 sepals short- or long-pointed. 



Viola Falconeri, 



ViOLACEiE. 



F.B.Li. 185. 

 Kashmir. 



like the last species, but loaves covered with black 

 glands, flowers much larger, f in. diam. 



