184 THE DESCENT OF MAN. [Pap.t I. 



that man in all parts of his organization differs less from 

 the higher ajies, than these do from the lower members of 

 the same group. Consequently there " is no justification 

 for placing man in a distinct order." 



In an early part of this volume I brought forward 

 various facts, showing how closely man agrees in consti- 

 tution with the higher mammals ; and this agreement, no 

 doubt, depends on our close similarity in minute structure 

 and chemical composition. I gave, as instances, our lia- 

 bility to the same diseases, and to the attacks of allied 

 parasites ; our tastes in common for the same stimulants, 

 and the similar effects thus produced, as well as by various 

 drugs ; and other such facts. 



As small unimportant points of resemblance between 

 man and the higher apes are not commonly noticed in 

 systematic works, and as, when numerous, they clearly 

 reveal our relationship, I will sjjccify a few such points. 

 The relative positions of the features are manifestly the 

 same in man and the Quadrumana ; and the various emo- 

 tions are displayed by nearly similar movements of the 

 muscles and skin, chiefly above the eyebrows and round 

 the mouth. Some few expressions are, indeed, almost the 

 same, as in the weeping of certain kinds of monkeys, and 

 in the laughing noise made by others, during which the 

 corners of the mouth are drawn backward, and the lower 

 eyelids wrinkled. The external ears are curiously alike. In 

 man the nose is much more prominent than in most mon- 

 keys ; but we may trace the commencement of an aquiline 

 curvature in the nose of the Iloolock Gibbon ; and this in 

 the Semnopithecus nasica is carried to a ridiculous extreme. 



The faces of many monkeys are ornamented with 

 beards, whiskers, or mustaches. The hair on the head 

 grows to a great length in some species of Semnopithe- 

 cus ; ' and in the Bonnet monkey (Macacus radiatus) it 

 « Isid. Geoffroy, ' Hist. Nat. Gen.' torn. ii. 1859, p. 217. 



