4 What is the soil made of? 



Another column should be drawn for the subsoil. On 

 drying the soil it becomes lighter in colour and loses its 

 stickiness, but it has not permanently changed because 

 as soon as water is added it comes back to what it was 

 before. 



The dried lumps of soil are now to be broken up 



Fig. 2. 

 Columns showing what 100 parts 

 of soil and subsoil were made of 



finely with a piece of wood, but nothing must be lost. 

 It is easy to see shrivelled pieces of plant, but not easy 

 to pick them out ; the simplest plan is to burn them 

 away. The soil must be carefully tipped on to a tin 

 lid, or into a crucible, heated over a flame and stirred 



